Barajaa Mohammed A, Nair Lakshmi S, Laurencin Cato T
Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Regen Eng Transl Med. 2020 Dec;6(4):451-483. doi: 10.1007/s40883-019-00132-3. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
The musculoskeletal system works at a very advanced level of synchrony, where all the physiological movements of the body are systematically performed through well-organized actions of bone in conjunction with all the other musculoskeletal soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage through tissue-tissue interfaces. Interfaces are structurally and compositionally complex, consisting of gradients of extracellular matrix components, cell phenotypes as well as biochemical compositions and are important in mediating load transfer between the distinct orthopedic tissues during body movement. When an injury occurs at interface, it must be re-established to restore its function and stability. Due to the structural and compositional complexity found in interfaces, it is anticipated that they presuppose a concomitant increase in the complexity of the associated regenerative engineering approaches and scaffold designs to achieve successful interface regeneration and seamless integration of the engineered orthopedic tissues. Herein, we discuss the various bioinspired scaffold designs utilized to regenerate orthopedic tissue interfaces. First, we start with discussing the structure-function relationship at the interface. We then discuss the current understanding of the mechanism underlying interface regeneration, followed by discussing the current treatment available in the clinic to treat interface injuries. Lastly, we comprehensively discuss the state-of-the-art scaffold designs utilized to regenerate orthopedic tissue interfaces.
肌肉骨骼系统以非常高级的同步水平运作，身体的所有生理运动都是通过骨骼与所有其他肌肉骨骼软组织（如韧带、肌腱、肌肉和软骨）通过组织 - 组织界面的有序协同作用系统地进行的。界面在结构和组成上都很复杂，由细胞外基质成分、细胞表型以及生化成分的梯度组成，并且在身体运动过程中介导不同骨科组织之间的负荷传递方面很重要。当界面发生损伤时，必须重新建立以恢复其功能和稳定性。由于界面中存在结构和组成的复杂性，预计它们需要相应增加相关再生工程方法和支架设计的复杂性，以实现成功的界面再生和工程化骨科组织的无缝整合。在此，我们讨论用于再生骨科组织界面的各种受生物启发的支架设计。首先，我们从讨论界面的结构 - 功能关系开始。然后，我们讨论目前对界面再生潜在机制的理解，接着讨论临床上目前用于治疗界面损伤的方法。最后，我们全面讨论用于再生骨科组织界面的最新支架设计。
