Khurana Amit, Allawadhi Prince, Khurana Isha, Allwadhi Sachin, Weiskirchen Ralf, Banothu Anil Kumar, Chhabra Deepak, Joshi Kamaldeep, Bharani Kala Kumar
Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc) PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India.
Nano Today. 2021 Jun;38:101142. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101142. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
The emergency use authorization (EUA) by the US-FDA for two mRNA-based vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) has brought hope of addressing the COVID-19 pandemic which has killed more than two million people globally. Nanotechnology has played a significant role in the success of these vaccines. Nanoparticles (NPs) aid in improving stability by protecting the encapsulated mRNA from ribonucleases and facilitate delivery of intact mRNA to the target site. The overwhelming success of these two mRNA based vaccines with ~95% efficacy in phase III clinical trials can be attributed to their unique nanocarrier, the "lipid nanoparticles" (LNPs). LNPs are unique compared with bilayered liposomes and provide improved stability of the cargo, possess rigid morphology, and aid in better cellular penetration. This EUA is a major milestone and showcases the immense potential of nanotechnology for vaccine delivery and for fighting against future pandemics. Currently, these two vaccines are aiding in the alleviation of the COVID-19 health crisis and demonstrate the potential utility of nanomedicine for tackling health problems at the global level.
美国食品药品监督管理局（US-FDA）对两种基于信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的疫苗BNT162b2（辉瑞-生物科技公司）和mRNA-1273（莫德纳公司）的紧急使用授权，为应对已在全球造成超过200万人死亡的新冠疫情带来了希望。纳米技术在这些疫苗的成功研发中发挥了重要作用。纳米颗粒（NPs）通过保护被包裹的mRNA免受核糖核酸酶的破坏来提高稳定性，并有助于将完整的mRNA递送至靶位点。这两种基于mRNA的疫苗在III期临床试验中取得了压倒性的成功，有效率约为95%，这可归功于其独特的纳米载体——“脂质纳米颗粒”（LNPs）。与双层脂质体相比，LNPs具有独特性，能提高所载物质的稳定性，具有刚性形态，并有助于更好地穿透细胞。这一紧急使用授权是一个重要的里程碑，展示了纳米技术在疫苗递送以及抗击未来疫情方面的巨大潜力。目前，这两种疫苗正在帮助缓解新冠健康危机，并证明了纳米医学在全球层面解决健康问题的潜在效用。
