Nia Adeniji, Dhanasekaran Renumathy
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford, CA.
Curr Hepatol Rep. 2020 Dec;19(4):448-461. doi: 10.1007/s11901-020-00553-7. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world and it has limited treatment options. Understanding the molecular drivers of HCC is important to develop novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
HCC arises in a complex background of chronic hepatitis, fibrosis and liver regeneration which lead to genomic changes. Here, we summarize studies that have expanded our understanding of the molecular landscape of HCC.
Recent technological advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have elucidated specific genetic and molecular programs involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We summarize the major somatic mutations and epigenetic changes have been identified in NGS-based studies. We also describe promising molecular therapies and immunotherapies which target specific genetic and epigenetic molecular events.
The genomic landscape of HCC is incredibly complex and heterogeneous. Promising new developments are helping us decipher the molecular drivers of HCC and leading to new therapies.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一，其治疗选择有限。了解HCC的分子驱动因素对于开发新型生物标志物和治疗方法至关重要。
HCC发生于慢性肝炎、纤维化和肝再生的复杂背景中，这些会导致基因组变化。在此，我们总结了一些研究，这些研究扩展了我们对HCC分子格局的理解。
下一代测序（NGS）技术的最新进展阐明了参与肝癌发生的特定基因和分子程序。我们总结了基于NGS的研究中已确定的主要体细胞突变和表观遗传变化。我们还描述了针对特定基因和表观遗传分子事件的有前景的分子疗法和免疫疗法。
HCC的基因组格局极其复杂且具有异质性。有前景的新进展正在帮助我们解读HCC的分子驱动因素，并带来新的治疗方法。
