Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, School of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
J Oral Rehabil. 2021 Jul;48(7):836-845. doi: 10.1111/joor.13175. Epub 2021 May 19.
Since in children and adolescence prevalence is assessed mainly on self-reported or proxy-reported signs and symptoms; there is a need to develop a more comprehensive standardised process for the collection of clinical information and the diagnosis of TMD in these populations.
To develop new instruments and to adapt the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for the evaluation of TMD in children and adolescents.
A modified Delphi method was used to seek international consensus among TMD experts. Fourteen clinicians and researchers in the field of oro-facial pain and TMD worldwide were invited to participate in a workshop initiated by the International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology (INfORM scientific network) at the General Session of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR, London 2018), as the first step in the Delphi process. Participants discussed the protocols required to make physical diagnoses included in the Axis I of the DC/TMD. Thereafter, nine experts in the field were added, and the first Delphi round was created. This survey included 60 statements for Axis I, and the experts were asked to respond to each statement on a five-item Likert scale ranging from 'Strongly disagree' to 'Strongly agree'. Consensus level was set at 80% agreement for the first round, and at 70% for the next.
After three rounds of the Delphi process, a consensus among TMD experts was achieved and two adapted DC/TMD protocols for Axis I physical diagnoses for children and adolescents were developed.
Through international consensus among TMD experts, this study adapted the Axis I of the DC/TMD for use in evaluating TMD in children and adolescents.
由于在儿童和青少年中，患病率主要通过自我报告或代理报告的症状和体征来评估；因此，需要开发一种更全面的标准化流程，用于收集这些人群的临床信息和诊断 TMD。
为了评估儿童和青少年的 TMD，开发新的工具并改编颞下颌关节紊乱病（DC/TMD）的诊断标准。
采用改良 Delphi 法在 TMD 专家中寻求国际共识。邀请来自全球口腔颌面疼痛和 TMD 领域的 14 名临床医生和研究人员参加由国际口腔颌面疼痛和相关障碍方法学网络（INfORM 科学网络）在国际牙科研究协会（IADR，伦敦 2018 年）全体会议上发起的研讨会，作为 Delphi 过程的第一步。与会者讨论了纳入 DC/TMD 轴 I 的体格诊断所需的方案。此后，又增加了 9 名该领域的专家，并创建了第一轮 Delphi 调查。这项调查包括 60 项针对轴 I 的陈述，专家们被要求在 5 分制的李克特量表上对每一项陈述进行回答，范围从“强烈不同意”到“强烈同意”。第一轮的共识水平设定为 80%，下一轮为 70%。
经过三轮 Delphi 流程，TMD 专家达成了共识，并为儿童和青少年制定了两种改编的 DC/TMD 轴 I 体格诊断协议。
通过 TMD 专家的国际共识，本研究改编了 DC/TMD 的轴 I，用于评估儿童和青少年的 TMD。
