Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGEC), Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
Environmental Engineering Postgraduate Program (PROAMB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-00, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Apr 6;193(5):246. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09025-x.
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of drugs and endocrine disrupters in water supplies and in water for human consumption. Twelve sampling campaigns were carried out during the rainy and dry season at four sampling points in the Bolonha Complex, in the city of Belém, northern region of Brazil: Bolonha reservoir (catchment) and Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Bolonha (filtered water chamber, treated water tank, and washing water from the filters). The determination of the compounds was performed by solid phase extraction followed by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results confirmed the anthropic influence that the reservoir and WTP-Bolonha have been suffering, as consequence of the discharge of domestic sewage in natura. Among 25 microcontaminants analyzed, 12 were quantified in raw water and 10 in treated water. The antiallergic Loratadine (LRT) was the contaminant that occurred most frequently in all sample points, having been poorly removed (median 12%) in the conventional treatment used. Losartana (LST), 4-octylphenol (4-OP), and Bisphenol A (BPA) also occurred very frequently in raw water with concentrations ranging from 3.7 to 194 ng L. Although such contaminants occurred in treated water in concentrations varying from 4.0 to 135 ng L, the estimated margin of exposure ranged from 55 to 3333 times which indicates low risk of human exposure to such contaminants through ingestion of treated water.
本研究旨在调查水源和人类饮用水中药物和内分泌干扰物的存在情况。在巴西北部贝伦市的博洛尼亚建筑群的四个采样点，于雨季和旱季进行了 12 次采样活动：博洛尼亚水库（集水区）和博洛尼亚水净化厂（WTP）（过滤水室、处理水箱和过滤器清洗水）。通过固相萃取 followed by gas 和 liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry 对化合物进行了测定。结果证实了博洛尼亚水库和 WTP 受到的人为影响，这是由于生活污水未经处理直接排放的结果。在所分析的 25 种微量污染物中，有 12 种在原水中被定量，10 种在处理水中被定量。在所有采样点中，抗组胺药氯雷他定（LRT）的出现频率最高，在常规处理中去除率较差（中位数为 12%）。洛沙坦（LST）、4-辛基苯酚（4-OP）和双酚 A（BPA）也在原水中频繁出现，浓度范围为 3.7 至 194 ng/L。尽管这些污染物在处理水中的浓度在 4.0 至 135 ng/L 之间变化，但估计的接触暴露范围从 55 到 3333 倍，这表明通过摄入处理水，人类接触此类污染物的风险较低。
