Department of Clinical laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Department of Clinical laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2021 Sep;47(5):580-595. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1907738. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Rotaviruses, double-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses, are a global health concern, associated with acute gastroenteritis and secretory-driven watery diarrhoea, especially in infants and young children. Conventionally, rotavirus is primarily viewed as a pathogen for intestinal enterocytes. This notion is challenged, however, by data from patients and animal models documenting extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and viral replication following rotavirus infection. In addition to acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus infection has been linked to various neurological disorders, hepatitis and cholestasis, type 1 diabetes, respiratory illness, myocarditis, renal failure and thrombocytopenia. Concomitantly, molecular studies have provided insight into potential mechanisms by which rotavirus can enter and replicate in non-enterocyte cell types and evade host immune responses. Nevertheless, it is fair to say that the extra-intestinal aspect of the rotavirus infectious process is largely being overlooked by biomedical professionals, and there are gaps in the understanding of mechanisms of pathogenesis. Thus with the aim of increasing public and professional awareness we here provide a description of our current understanding of rotavirus-related extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and associated molecular pathogenesis. Further understanding of the processes involved should prove exceedingly useful for future diagnosis, treatment and prevention of rotavirus-associated disease.
轮状病毒是一种双链、无包膜的 RNA 病毒，是全球关注的健康问题，与急性肠胃炎和分泌性水样腹泻有关，尤其是在婴儿和幼儿中。传统上，轮状病毒主要被视为肠道肠细胞的病原体。然而，来自患者和动物模型的数据挑战了这一观点，这些数据记录了轮状病毒感染后除肠道外的临床表现和病毒复制。除了急性肠胃炎，轮状病毒感染还与各种神经紊乱、肝炎和胆汁淤积、1 型糖尿病、呼吸道疾病、心肌炎、肾衰竭和血小板减少症有关。同时，分子研究深入了解了轮状病毒进入和复制非肠细胞类型并逃避宿主免疫反应的潜在机制。然而，可以说，生物医学专业人员在很大程度上忽视了轮状病毒感染过程的肠外方面，对发病机制的机制理解存在差距。因此，我们旨在提高公众和专业人士的认识，在此提供我们对轮状病毒相关肠外临床表现和相关分子发病机制的现有理解的描述。进一步了解所涉及的过程对于未来轮状病毒相关疾病的诊断、治疗和预防应该非常有用。
