School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Minister of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Aug 1;282:117011. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117011. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Ubiquitous human exposure to organophosphorus tri-esters (tri-OPEs) has been reported worldwide. Previous studies investigated the feasibility of using house dust and wristbands to assess human OPE exposure. We hypothesized that these two approaches could differ in relative effectiveness in the characterization of children and adult exposure. In the participants recruited from Guangzhou, South China, urinary levels of major OPE metabolites, including diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), were significantly higher in children than their mothers (median 6.6 versus 3.7 ng/mL and 0.11 versus 0.06 ng/mL, respectively). The associations of dust or wristband-associated OPEs with urinary metabolites exhibited chemical-specific patterns, which also differed between children and mothers. Significant and marginally significant associations were determined between dust concentrations of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), trimethylphenyl phosphate (TMPP), or tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and their metabolites in children urine and between dust tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), TPHP or TMPP and urinary metabolites in mothers. By contrast, wristbands exhibited better efficiency of predicting internal exposure to TDCIPP. While both house dust and wristbands exhibited the potential as a convenient approach for assessing long-term OPE exposure, their feasibility requires better investigations via larger-scale studies and standardized sampling protocols.
全世界都有报道称，人类普遍接触有机磷三酯（tri-OPEs）。先前的研究调查了使用家庭灰尘和腕带评估人体 OPE 暴露的可行性。我们假设这两种方法在描述儿童和成人暴露方面的相对有效性可能不同。在中国南方广州招募的参与者中，尿中主要 OPE 代谢物的水平，包括磷酸二苯酯（DPHP）和双（丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（BBOEP），在儿童中明显高于其母亲（中位数分别为 6.6 与 3.7ng/mL 和 0.11 与 0.06ng/mL）。灰尘或腕带相关 OPEs 与尿代谢物的关联表现出化学特异性模式，这些模式在儿童和母亲之间也存在差异。在儿童尿液中，与三苯基磷酸酯（TPHP）、三（2-丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（TBOEP）、三甲基苯基磷酸酯（TMPP）或三（1-氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）相关的灰尘浓度与代谢物之间，以及在母亲尿液中与三（1,3-二氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TDCIPP）、TPHP 或 TMPP 相关的灰尘浓度与代谢物之间，均存在显著和边缘显著的关联。相比之下，腕带在预测 TDCIPP 体内暴露方面表现出更好的效率。虽然家庭灰尘和腕带都表现出作为评估长期 OPE 暴露的便捷方法的潜力，但需要通过更大规模的研究和标准化采样方案来更好地研究其可行性。
