Wang Shuyue, Ke Qiuyan, Sun Wenwen, Chen Yukun, Mumtaz Mehvish, Shi Yumeng, Liu Xiaotu
College of Environment and Climate, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
SCIEX (China) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510623, China.
Toxics. 2025 May 23;13(6):428. doi: 10.3390/toxics13060428.
In the present study, liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) was employed to analyze chlorinated paraffin (CP) homolog distributions and concentrations in household dust from South China and the Midwestern United States. The median levels of short-, medium-, and long-chain CPs (∑SCCPs, ∑MCCPs, ∑LCCPs) in South China were quantified as 23.1, 36.2, and 32.8 μg/g, respectively. Comparatively, the corresponding values in the Midwestern U.S. samples were 9.4, 39.5, and 15.4 μg/g, respectively. Notably, ∑LCCP concentrations in South China significantly exceeded those in the U.S. ( < 0.05), while no difference was found for ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs. Additionally, very short-chain CPs (C) were detected in 13% of samples across both regions. The distribution of CP homologues in the dust samples from the two regions was similar, with C, C, and C groups as the predominant carbon homologue and Cl, Cl, and Cl as the predominant chlorine homologue of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs, respectively. Risk assessment indicated dust ingestion-derived CP intakes for adults and toddlers were 2-5 orders of magnitude below reference doses. However, given other exposure pathways and the combined effects of CP monomers, the potential health risks from exposure via dust should not be underestimated.
在本研究中，采用液相色谱 - 四极杆飞行时间质谱法（LC - QTOF - MS）分析了中国南方和美国中西部家庭灰尘中氯化石蜡（CP）同系物分布及浓度。中国南方短链、中链和长链氯化石蜡（∑SCCPs、∑MCCPs、∑LCCPs）的中位数水平分别定量为23.1、36.2和32.8μg/g。相比之下，美国中西部样品中的相应值分别为9.4、39.5和15.4μg/g。值得注意的是，中国南方的∑LCCP浓度显著超过美国（<0.05），而∑SCCPs和∑MCCPs未发现差异。此外，在两个地区13%的样品中检测到了极短链氯化石蜡（C）。两个地区灰尘样品中CP同系物的分布相似，C、C和C组分别是SCCPs、MCCPs和LCCPs的主要碳同系物；Cl、Cl和Cl分别是SCCPs、MCCPs和LCCPs的主要氯同系物。风险评估表明，成人和幼儿因摄入灰尘导致的CP摄入量比参考剂量低2 - 5个数量级。然而，考虑到其他暴露途径以及CP单体的综合影响，通过灰尘暴露产生的潜在健康风险不应被低估。
