Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia.
Department of Chemistry & Center for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
ACS Sens. 2021 Apr 23;6(4):1461-1481. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00183. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Following the advancements and diversification in synthetic strategies for porous covalent materials in the literature, the materials science community started to investigate the performance of covalent organic polymers (COPs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in applications that require large surface areas for interaction with other molecules, chemical stability, and insolubility. Sensorics is an area where COPs and COFs have demonstrated immense potential and achieved high levels of sensitivity and selectivity on account of their tunable structures. In this review, we focus on those covalent polymeric systems that use fluorescence spectroscopy as a method of detection. After briefly reviewing the physical basis of fluorescence-based sensors, we delve into various kinds of analytes that have been explored with COPs and COFs, namely, heavy metal ions, explosives, biological molecules, amines, pH, volatile organic compounds and solvents, iodine, enantiomers, gases, and anions. Throughout this work, we discuss the mechanisms involved in each sensing application and aim to quantify the potency of the discussed sensors by providing limits of detection and quenching constants when available. This review concludes with a summary of the surveyed literature and raises a few concerns that should be addressed in the future development of COP and COF fluorescence-based sensors.
在文献中，多孔共价材料的合成策略不断发展和多样化，材料科学界开始研究共价有机聚合物（COPs）和共价有机框架（COFs）在需要与其他分子相互作用的大表面积、化学稳定性和不溶性的应用中的性能。传感器是 COPs 和 COFs 展示出巨大潜力并实现高灵敏度和选择性的领域，这要归功于它们可调节的结构。在这篇综述中，我们专注于那些使用荧光光谱作为检测方法的共价聚合体系。在简要回顾基于荧光的传感器的物理基础之后，我们深入探讨了 COPs 和 COFs 所探索的各种分析物，即重金属离子、爆炸物、生物分子、胺、pH 值、挥发性有机化合物和溶剂、碘、对映体、气体和阴离子。在整个工作中，我们讨论了每个传感应用中涉及的机制，并通过提供可用的检测限和猝灭常数来试图量化所讨论的传感器的效力。本综述以综述文献的总结结束，并提出了在 COP 和 COF 荧光传感器的未来发展中应解决的一些问题。
