Cologne Centre for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/ Heart Centre Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department for physical activity in public health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021 Dec;75(12):1698-1709. doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-00904-7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
A healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity has numerous positive effects on the mother and child during and after pregnancy. In this context physical activity plays a central role due to its influence on body composition. While visceral fatty tissue has a pro-inflammatory effect via so-called adipokines, myokines seem to have a more anti-inflammatory effect and thus prevent numerous diseases such as gestational hypertension or gestational diabetes. However, many women show a decreased level of physical activity during pregnancy when compared to pre-gestation levels. The reasons underlying this change are manifold and include concern about the effects of physical exertion on the unborn child. Gynaecologists and midwives are also often uncertain about what specific advice to give regarding physical activity. The present review describes, besides the underlying mechanisms, current physical activity recommendations and corresponding evidence with a focus on weight development in terms of obesity, gestational diabetes and foetal outcome.
健康的生活方式包括体育活动，对母亲和孩子在怀孕中和怀孕后都有许多积极影响。在这方面，体育活动起着核心作用，因为它影响身体成分。虽然内脏脂肪组织通过所谓的脂肪因子产生促炎作用，但肌因子似乎具有更强的抗炎作用，从而预防许多疾病，如妊娠高血压或妊娠糖尿病。然而，与妊娠前相比，许多女性在怀孕期间的体育活动水平下降。这种变化的原因有很多，包括担心体力活动对未出生孩子的影响。妇科医生和助产士对关于体育活动的具体建议也往往不确定。本综述除了描述潜在机制外，还描述了当前的体育活动建议和相应的证据，重点是肥胖、妊娠糖尿病和胎儿结局方面的体重发展。
