Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States.
Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 22;12:620045. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.620045. eCollection 2021.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of vision loss and a research subject that is constantly being explored for new mechanisms of damage and potential therapeutic options. There are many mechanisms and pathways that provide numerous options for therapeutic interventions to halt disease progression. The purpose of the present literature review is to explore both basic science research and clinical research for proposed mechanisms of damage in diabetic retinopathy to understand the role of triglyceride and cholesterol dysmetabolism in DR progression. This review delineates mechanisms of damage secondary to triglyceride and cholesterol dysmetabolism vs. mechanisms secondary to diabetes to add clarity to the pathogenesis behind each proposed mechanism. We then analyze mechanisms utilized by both triglyceride and cholesterol dysmetabolism and diabetes to elucidate the synergistic, additive, and common mechanisms of damage in diabetic retinopathy. Gathering this research adds clarity to the role dyslipidemia has in DR and an evaluation of the current peer-reviewed basic science and clinical evidence provides a basis to discern new potential therapeutic targets.
糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）是视力丧失的一个重要原因，也是一个不断探索新的损伤机制和潜在治疗选择的研究课题。有许多机制和途径为治疗干预提供了许多选择，以阻止疾病的进展。本文献综述的目的是探讨糖尿病性视网膜病变损伤的基础科学研究和临床研究，以了解甘油三酯和胆固醇代谢紊乱在 DR 进展中的作用。本综述阐述了甘油三酯和胆固醇代谢紊乱引起的损伤机制与糖尿病引起的损伤机制的区别，以明确每个提出的机制背后的发病机制。然后，我们分析了甘油三酯和胆固醇代谢紊乱以及糖尿病所利用的机制，以阐明糖尿病性视网膜病变中损伤的协同、附加和共同机制。收集这些研究结果可以更清楚地了解血脂异常在 DR 中的作用，并对当前经过同行评审的基础科学和临床证据进行评估，为识别新的潜在治疗靶点提供了依据。
