Lenartova Magdalena, Tesinska Barbora, Janatova Tatjana, Hrebicek Ondrej, Mysak Jaroslav, Janata Jiri, Najmanova Lucie
Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia.
Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Mar 22;11:629723. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.629723. eCollection 2021.
The estimation of oral microbiome (OM) taxonomic composition in periodontally healthy individuals can often be biased because the clinically periodontally healthy subjects for evaluation can already experience dysbiosis. Usually, they are included just based on the absence of clinical signs of periodontitis. Additionally, the age of subjects is used to be higher to correspond well with tested groups of patients with chronic periodontitis, a disorder typically associated with aging. However, the dysbiosis of the OM precedes the clinical signs of the disease by many months or even years. The absence of periodontal pockets thus does not necessarily mean also good periodontal health and the obtained image of "healthy OM" can be distorted.To overcome this bias, we taxonomically characterized the OM in almost a hundred young students of dentistry with precise oral hygiene and no signs of periodontal disease. We compared the results with the OM composition of older periodontally healthy individuals and also a group of patients with severe periodontitis (aggressive periodontitis according to former classification system). The clustering analysis revealed not only two compact clearly separated clusters corresponding to each state of health, but also a group of samples forming an overlap between both well-pronounced states. Additionally, in the cluster of periodontally healthy samples, few outliers with atypical OM and two major stomatotypes could be distinguished, differing in the prevalence and relative abundance of two main bacterial genera: and . We hypothesize that the two stomatotypes could represent the microbial succession from periodontal health to starting dysbiosis. The old and young periodontally healthy subjects do not cluster separately but a trend of the OM in older subjects to periodontitis is visible. Several bacterial genera were identified to be typically more abundant in older periodontally healthy subjects.
在牙周健康个体中，口腔微生物群（OM）分类组成的估计往往存在偏差，因为用于评估的临床牙周健康受试者可能已经出现了生态失调。通常，这些受试者仅仅是根据没有牙周炎的临床症状而被纳入。此外，受试者的年龄通常较大，以便与慢性牙周炎患者的测试组相匹配，慢性牙周炎是一种通常与衰老相关的疾病。然而，OM的生态失调在疾病的临床症状出现前几个月甚至几年就已发生。因此，没有牙周袋并不一定意味着牙周健康状况良好，所获得的“健康OM”的形象可能会被扭曲。为了克服这种偏差，我们对近百名口腔卫生良好且无牙周疾病迹象的年轻牙科学生的OM进行了分类特征分析。我们将结果与年龄较大的牙周健康个体以及一组重度牙周炎患者（根据以前的分类系统为侵袭性牙周炎）的OM组成进行了比较。聚类分析不仅揭示了两个紧密且明显分开的聚类，分别对应每种健康状态，还发现了一组样本在两种明显状态之间形成了重叠。此外，在牙周健康样本的聚类中，可以区分出少数具有非典型OM的异常值和两种主要的口腔微生物型，它们在两个主要细菌属的患病率和相对丰度上有所不同。我们假设这两种口腔微生物型可能代表了从牙周健康到开始出现生态失调的微生物演替过程。老年和年轻的牙周健康受试者并没有分别聚类，但老年受试者的OM向牙周炎发展的趋势是明显的。已确定几个细菌属在年龄较大的牙周健康受试者中通常更为丰富。
