Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 Jun 21;9:216. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00216. eCollection 2019.
Periodontitis is a microbial-induced chronic inflammatory disease, which may not only result in tooth loss, but can also contribute to the development of various systemic diseases. The transition from healthy to diseased periodontium depends on microbial dysbiosis and impaired host immune response. Although periodontitis is a common disease as well as associated with various systemic inflammatory conditions, the taxonomic profiling of the salivary microbiota in periodontitis and its association with host immune and inflammatory mediators has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify key pathogens and their potential interaction with the host's inflammatory mediators in saliva samples for periodontitis risk assessment. The microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the levels of inflammatory mediators were performed in saliva samples from patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy control subjects. The salivary microbial community composition differed significantly between patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls. Our analyses identified a number of microbes, including bacteria assigned to sp sp., and sp. as more abundant in periodontitis, compared to healthy controls. In samples from healthy individuals, we identified , and sp. as more abundant. Integrative analysis of the microbiota and inflammatory mediators/cytokines revealed associations that included positive correlations between the pathogens sp. and sp. and the cytokines chitinase 3-like 1, sIL-6Rα, sTNF-R1, and gp130/sIL-6Rβ. In addition, a negative correlation was identified between IL-10 and . Our results reveal distinct and disease-specific patterns of salivary microbial composition between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls, as well as significant correlations between microbiota and host-mediated inflammatory cytokines. The positive correlations between the pathogens sp. and sp. and the cytokines chitinase 3-like 1, sIL-6Rα, sTNF-R1, and gp130/sIL-6Rβ might have the future potential to serve as a combined bacteria-host salivary biomarker panel for diagnosis of the chronic infectious disease periodontitis. However, further studies are required to determine the capacity of these microbes and inflammatory mediators as a salivary biomarker panel for periodontitis.
牙周炎是一种由微生物引起的慢性炎症性疾病，不仅可能导致牙齿脱落，还可能导致各种系统性疾病的发展。从健康到患病牙周组织的转变取决于微生物失调和宿主免疫反应受损。尽管牙周炎是一种常见疾病，并且与各种系统性炎症状态有关，但牙周炎患者唾液微生物群的分类特征及其与宿主免疫和炎症介质的关联尚未报道。因此，本研究旨在确定关键病原体及其在唾液样本中对牙周炎风险评估的潜在宿主炎症介质的相互作用。对慢性牙周炎患者和牙周健康对照者的唾液样本进行了微生物 16S rRNA 基因测序和炎症介质水平检测。慢性牙周炎患者和健康对照组的唾液微生物群落组成有显著差异。我们的分析确定了一些微生物，包括属于 sp sp.和 sp. 的细菌在牙周炎中比健康对照组更为丰富。在健康个体的样本中，我们确定了属于 sp.和 sp.的细菌更为丰富。对微生物群和炎症介质/细胞因子的综合分析揭示了包括病原体 sp.和 sp.与细胞因子几丁质酶 3 样 1、sIL-6Rα、sTNF-R1 和 gp130/sIL-6Rβ之间呈正相关。此外，还发现了 IL-10 与 之间的负相关。我们的研究结果揭示了牙周炎患者和健康对照组之间唾液微生物组成的独特和特定疾病模式，以及微生物群和宿主介导的炎症细胞因子之间的显著相关性。病原体 sp.和 sp.与细胞因子几丁质酶 3 样 1、sIL-6Rα、sTNF-R1 和 gp130/sIL-6Rβ之间的正相关可能具有作为慢性感染性疾病牙周炎诊断的联合细菌-宿主唾液生物标志物的未来潜力。然而，还需要进一步的研究来确定这些微生物和炎症介质作为牙周炎唾液生物标志物的能力。
