Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022 Feb;35(1):202-213. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12904. Epub 2021 Jun 23.
Dietary risks have raised attention worldwide during recent decades. The present burden-of-disease study aimed to evaluate the global dietary risks for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) from 1990 to 2019 and quantify their impact on mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study on deaths and DALYs from NCDs attributable to worldwide dietary risks were obtained and underwent deep analysis by year, age, gender, location, leading risks and leading causes, and their associations were examined. The socio-demographic index (SDI) was used as an indicator of national socio-economic status, as well as the relationships between age-standardised rates of deaths or DALYs and socio-economic status.
In 2019, 7.9 million deaths and 187.7 million DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium and low intake of whole grains and fruits were leading dietary risks for deaths and DALYs worldwide. However, both indices showed a decreasing trend by year, an increase by age and a higher disease burden in males. The main distribution of dietary-related NCDs was located in highly populated countries. A negative association between the SDI and disease burden and a positive association between the SDI and male preponderance were found.
Dietary risk factors for NCDs increased significantly and varied across regions during 1990-2019. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to raise public awareness of interventions and improve dietary practices aiming to reduce the disease burden caused by suboptimal dietary intake, especially in developing countries and among males.
在过去几十年中，饮食风险引起了全球关注。本项疾病负担研究旨在评估 1990 年至 2019 年全球非传染性疾病（NCD）的饮食相关风险，并量化其对死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）的影响。本研究获取了 2019 年全球疾病负担研究中与全球饮食风险相关的 NCD 死亡和 DALY 数据，并进行了深入分析，包括按年份、年龄、性别、地点、主要风险和主要原因进行分析，并对其关联进行了检验。社会人口指数（SDI）被用作国家社会经济地位的指标，还分析了死亡率或 DALY 的年龄标准化率与社会经济地位之间的关系。
2019 年，有 790 万人的死亡和 1.877 亿人的 DALY 归因于饮食风险因素。高钠摄入和全谷物及水果摄入不足是全球范围内导致死亡和 DALY 的主要饮食风险因素。然而，这两个指标的数值都呈现出逐年下降的趋势，随年龄增加而增加，且男性的疾病负担更高。与饮食相关的 NCD 主要分布在人口众多的国家。SDI 与疾病负担呈负相关，与男性优势呈正相关。
1990-2019 年期间，NCD 的饮食风险因素显著增加且在各区域间存在差异。因此，需要更加努力提高公众对干预措施的认识，并改善饮食实践，以减少因饮食摄入不足而导致的疾病负担，尤其是在发展中国家和男性中。
