Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Medicina de Família, Saúde Mental e Coletiva, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2022 Jan 28;55(suppl 1):e0282. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0282-2021. eCollection 2022.
An unhealthy diet is a modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), one of the most important public health problems in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the burden of NCDs attributable to dietary risks in Brazil between 1990-2019.
Secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease Study were used to estimate the burden attributable to fifteen dietary risks in Brazil. The main sources of data for Brazil were national surveys and international databases. A comparative risk assessment was used to obtain the population attributable fraction. We described the intake of each dietary risk and the distribution of number and rates of deaths and Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to diet by sex, age, state, and year from 1990-2019.
Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neoplasms were the main NCDs attributable to an unhealthy diet. Age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates attributable to unhealthy diet decreased between 1990-2019 (-51.5% and -48.8, respectively). Diet high in red meat and sodium, and low in whole grains were the three main risk factors contributing to the burden of NCDs both in 1990 and 2019. The burden of NCDs was higher among males in the middle-aged population (around 50 years), as well as in the states of Maranhão, Rio de Janeiro, and Alagoas.
The present study found a suboptimum diet among the Brazilian population. The major contributors to this burden were diet high in red meat and sodium and low in whole grains. This study supports priorities in public policies on food and nutrition to reduce the burden of NCDs.
不健康的饮食是导致非传染性疾病（NCDs）的可改变风险因素之一，也是巴西最重要的公共卫生问题之一。本研究旨在分析 1990 年至 2019 年巴西饮食相关风险因素对 NCD 负担的影响。
本研究使用全球疾病负担研究的二次数据来估计巴西十五种饮食风险因素的负担。巴西的主要数据来源是国家调查和国际数据库。采用比较风险评估方法获得人群归因分数。我们描述了每种饮食风险的摄入量，并按性别、年龄、州和年份描述了 1990 年至 2019 年因饮食导致的死亡人数和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）的分布情况。
心血管疾病、糖尿病和肿瘤是主要的由不健康饮食导致的 NCDs。1990 年至 2019 年，年龄标准化死亡率和因饮食导致的伤残调整生命年率分别下降了 51.5%和 48.8%。高红肉和钠、低全谷物的饮食是导致 NCD 负担的三个主要危险因素，无论是在 1990 年还是 2019 年都是如此。NCD 负担在中年人群（约 50 岁）以及马拉尼昂、里约热内卢和阿拉戈斯州的男性中更高。
本研究发现巴西人口中存在饮食不当的情况。造成这种负担的主要原因是饮食中红肉和钠含量高，而全谷物含量低。本研究支持在食品和营养方面的公共政策优先考虑，以减轻 NCD 负担。
