Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.
Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2021 Nov;109(11):1942-1952. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.34843. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
The main aim of this study was to perform an integrative review on the release of bisphenol A (BPA) from resin-matrix composites and potential toxic effects. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed platform using the following keywords: "Bisphenol A" OR "BPA" AND "resin composite" OR "composite resin" AND "toxicity" OR "cytotoxicity" OR "release". Inclusion criteria involved in vitro and in vivo studies on the release and toxicity of BPA. Results highlighted the release of BPA from resin-matrix composites due to insufficient polymerization and/or degradation of the polymeric matrix. BPA is part of the organic matrix of resin-matrix composites and may be hydrolysed in human saliva, although studies report that low doses might not be detected by traditional chemical analysis. Studies exposing zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of Bis-GMA, showed 55% mortality at 10 μM Bis-GMA while 30% mortality was recorded at 1 μM Bis-GMA. In patients, a BPA concentration of around 2.09 × 10 μg/ml was found in the saliva after placement of lingual orthodontic retainers with resin-matrix composites. Also, the BPA molecule can be swallowed and absorbed by the oral/gastrointestinal mucosa, which might result in systemic toxicity. The degradation of resin-matrix composites and release of BPA in oral environment are dependent on the organic matrix content and on the polymerization method. A increased release of BPA can lead to the absorption into oral and gastrointestinal mucosa with high risks of local and systemic toxicity.
本研究的主要目的是对树脂基复合材料中双酚 A（BPA）的释放及其潜在的毒性作用进行综合回顾。在 PubMed 平台上使用以下关键字进行文献检索：“Bisphenol A”或“BPA”和“树脂复合材料”或“复合树脂”和“毒性”或“细胞毒性”或“释放”。纳入标准包括关于 BPA 释放和毒性的体外和体内研究。结果表明，由于聚合不充分和/或聚合物基质降解，树脂基复合材料中会释放出 BPA。BPA 是树脂基复合材料有机基质的一部分，可能在人类唾液中水解，尽管研究报告称，传统化学分析可能检测不到低剂量的 BPA。将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度的 Bis-GMA 的研究表明，10 μM Bis-GMA 时 55%的胚胎死亡，而 1 μM Bis-GMA 时 30%的胚胎死亡。在患者中，在放置含有树脂基复合材料的舌侧正畸保持器后，唾液中的 BPA 浓度约为 2.09×10μg/ml。此外，BPA 分子可以被口腔/胃肠道黏膜吞咽和吸收，这可能导致全身毒性。树脂基复合材料的降解和 BPA 在口腔环境中的释放取决于有机基质含量和聚合方法。BPA 释放增加可能导致吸收进入口腔和胃肠道黏膜，具有局部和全身毒性的高风险。
