Hoshino Isamu
Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
Int J Clin Oncol. 2021 Aug;26(8):1431-1440. doi: 10.1007/s10147-021-01911-1. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
MicroRNA (miR) is a type of short non-coding RNA comprising 21-25 nucleotides. While it has been researched widely, its relationship with cancer was clarified recently and it was found to play a significant role in the development and progression of cancer. Furthermore, miR can remain stable for relatively long periods in the blood by being present in exosomes (extracellular microvesicles) or by forming a complex with the Ago2 protein, which gives rise to cancer-specific miR. It is known that miR can indicate the presence and extent of cancer progression. Several reports have proved that miR in urine and saliva is detected in urinary and oral cancer, respectively, and recent studies have also shown it to be present in cases of gastroenterological cancer, showing evidence of it being a biomarker for cancer. To gather further knowledge on this topic, this review aims to summarize the usefulness of urinary and salivary miR as a biomarker for gastroenterological cancer and discuss its existence, stability mechanism, and direction of future research. The findings will be relevant for physicians and oncologists who routinely treat patients with gastric cancers.
微小RNA（miR）是一种由21 - 25个核苷酸组成的短链非编码RNA。尽管其已得到广泛研究，但其与癌症的关系最近才得以阐明，并且发现它在癌症的发生和发展过程中发挥着重要作用。此外，miR通过存在于外泌体（细胞外微泡）中或与Ago2蛋白形成复合物，从而在血液中保持相对较长时间的稳定，这就产生了癌症特异性miR。已知miR能够指示癌症进展的存在及程度。多项报告已证实，尿液和唾液中的miR分别在泌尿系统和口腔癌中被检测到，并且最近的研究还表明其在胃肠道癌症病例中也存在，显示出其作为癌症生物标志物的证据。为了进一步了解这一主题，本综述旨在总结尿液和唾液miR作为胃肠道癌症生物标志物的有用性，并讨论其存在情况、稳定机制以及未来研究方向。这些研究结果将对常规治疗胃癌患者的医生和肿瘤学家具有参考价值。
