Bertlich Mattis, Stihl Clemens, Lüsebrink Enzo, Hellmuth Johannes C, Scherer Clemens, Freytag Saskia, Spiegel Jennifer Lee, Stoycheva Ivelina, Canis Martin, Weiss Bernhard G, Ihler Friedrich, Haubner Frank
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Dec;278(12):4855-4861. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06796-4. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
It has been established that the infection with SARS-CoV-2 may cause an impairment of chemosensory function. However, there is little data on the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on chemosensory function.
Twenty three SARS-CoV-2-positive patients diagnosed in spring 2020 with subjective hyposmia (out of 57 positive patients, 40.3%) were compared to SARS-CoV-2-positive patients without hyposmia (n = 19) and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (n = 14). Chemosensory function was assessed by the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), Taste Strips (TS), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), and the SNOT-22. The initial cohort with hyposmia were also examined at 8 weeks and 6 months after initial examination.
There were no differences between the SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort without hyposmia and negative controls in terms of BSIT (8.5 ± 2.6 vs. 10.2 ± 1.8), TS (3.4 ± 0.6 vs. 3.9 ± 0.3) or VAS (2.1 ± 1.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.5); yet the SNOT-22 was significantly elevated (27.7 ± 11.2 vs. 16.4 ± 10.8). The SARS-CoV-2-positive group with hyposmia performed significantly poorer in BSIT (4.0 ± 1.7 vs. 8.5 ± 2.6/10.2 ± 1.8), TS (2.6 ± 1.3 vs. 3.4 ± 0.6/3.9 ± 0.3), and VAS (7.9 ± 2.2 vs. 2.1 ± 1.3/1.1 ± 0.5) compared to both control groups. At week 8 and month 6 control, six and five patients, respectively, still suffered from subjectively and objectively impaired chemosensory function. The other patients had recovered in both respects.
SARS-CoV-2 patients with subjectively impaired chemosensory function regularly perform poorly in objective measurements. About 70% of patients suffering from olfactory dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 quickly recover-the rest still suffers from considerable impairment 6 months after infection.
已证实感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）可能导致化学感觉功能受损。然而，关于SARS-CoV-2感染对化学感觉功能的长期影响的数据很少。
将2020年春季诊断出的23例主观嗅觉减退的SARS-CoV-2阳性患者（57例阳性患者中的40.3%）与无嗅觉减退的SARS-CoV-2阳性患者（n = 19）和SARS-CoV-2阴性患者（n = 14）进行比较。通过简易嗅觉识别测试（BSIT）、味觉试纸（TS）、视觉模拟量表（VAS）和鼻窦症状评估测试-22（SNOT-22）评估化学感觉功能。最初有嗅觉减退的队列在初次检查后的8周和6个月也进行了检查。
无嗅觉减退的SARS-CoV-2阳性队列与阴性对照组在BSIT（8.5±2.6对10.2±1.8）、TS（3.4±0.6对3.9±0.3）或VAS（2.1±1.3对1.1±0.5）方面没有差异；但SNOT-22显著升高（27.7±11.2对16.4±10.8）。与两个对照组相比，有嗅觉减退的SARS-CoV-2阳性组在BSIT（4.0±1.7对8.5±2.6/10.2±1.8）、TS（2.6±1.3对3.4±0.6/3.9±0.3）和VAS（7.9±2.2对2.1±1.3/1.1±0.5）方面表现明显较差。在第8周和第6个月的对照中，分别有6例和5例患者在主观和客观上仍存在化学感觉功能受损。其他患者在两方面均已恢复。
主观化学感觉功能受损的SARS-CoV-2患者在客观测量中通常表现较差。SARS-CoV-2感染导致嗅觉功能障碍的患者中约70%迅速恢复，其余患者在感染6个月后仍有相当程度的功能受损。
