Callejón-Leblic María A, Martín-Jiménez Daniel I, Moreno-Luna Ramón, Palacios-Garcia Jose M, Alvarez-Cendrero Marta, Vizcarra-Melgar Julissa A, Fernandez-Velez Carlos, Reyes-Tejero Isabel M, Maza-Solano Juan, Gonzalez-Garcia Jaime, Tena-García Beatriz, Acosta-Mosquera María E, Del Cuvillo Alfonso, Sánchez-Gómez Serafín
Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain.
Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain.
Life (Basel). 2022 Aug 17;12(8):1256. doi: 10.3390/life12081256.
Although smell and taste disorders are highly prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 infection, the predictive factors leading to long-lasting chemosensory dysfunction are still poorly understood.
102 out of 421 (24.2%) mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients completed a second questionnaire about the evolution of their symptoms one year after the infection using visual analog scales (VAS). A subgroup of 69 patients also underwent psychophysical evaluation of olfactory function through UPSIT.
The prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction decreased from 82.4% to 45.1% after 12 months, with 46.1% of patients reporting a complete recovery. Patients older than 40 years (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.56]) and with a duration of loss of smell longer than four weeks saw a lower odds ratio for recovery (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: [0.10, 0.76]). In addition, 28 patients (35.9%) reported suffering from parosmia, which was associated with moderate to severe taste dysfunction at the baseline (OR = 7.80; 95% CI: [1.70, 35.8]). Among the 69 subjects who underwent the UPSIT, 57 (82.6%) presented some degree of smell dysfunction, showing a moderate correlation with self-reported VAS ( = -0.36, = 0.0027).
A clinically relevant number of subjects reported persistent chemosensory dysfunction and parosmia one year after COVID-19 infection, with a moderate correlation with psychophysical olfactory tests.
尽管嗅觉和味觉障碍是新冠病毒感染的高度普遍症状，但导致长期化学感觉功能障碍的预测因素仍知之甚少。
421例轻症新冠患者中有102例（24.2%）在感染一年后使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）完成了关于症状演变的第二份问卷。69例患者的亚组还通过UPSIT进行了嗅觉功能的心理物理学评估。
12个月后，化学感觉功能障碍的患病率从82.4%降至45.1%，46.1%的患者报告完全康复。40岁以上的患者（OR = 0.20；95% CI：[0.07, 0.56]）以及嗅觉丧失持续时间超过四周的患者康复的比值比更低（OR = 0.27；95% CI：[0.10, 0.76]）。此外，28例患者（35.9%）报告患有嗅觉倒错，这与基线时中度至重度味觉功能障碍相关（OR = 7.80；95% CI：[1.70, 35.8]）。在接受UPSIT的69名受试者中，57名（82.6%）存在一定程度的嗅觉功能障碍，与自我报告的VAS呈中度相关（r = -0.36，P = 0.0027）。
相当数量的受试者在新冠病毒感染一年后报告存在持续的化学感觉功能障碍和嗅觉倒错，与心理物理学嗅觉测试中度相关。
