Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 15;782:146820. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146820. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM) was collected, indoors and outdoors, when wood burning appliances (open fireplace and woodstove) were in operation. The PM ecotoxicity was assessed with the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay, while the cytotoxicity was evaluated by the WST-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays using A549 cells. Extracts of PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were tested for their mutagenicity through the TA98 and TA100 Ames test. The bioluminescent inhibition assay revealed that indoor particles released from the fireplace were the most toxic. Indoors, the reduction in A549 cell metabolic activity was over two times higher for the fireplace in comparison with the woodstove (32 ± 3.2% and 72 ± 7.6% at the highest dose, respectively). Indoor particles from the fireplace were found to induce greater cytotoxicity than the corresponding outdoor samples. Combined WST-8 and LDH results suggest that PM exposure induce apoptotic cell death pathway in which the cell membrane integrity is maintained. Indoor and outdoor samples lacked direct and indirect mutagenic activity in any of the tester strains. For indoor-generated PM, organic carbon and PAH were significantly correlated with cell viability and bioluminescence reduction, suggesting a role of organic compounds in toxicity.
收集了空气动力学直径<10μm（PM）的颗粒物，这些颗粒物是在燃烧木材的器具（开放式壁炉和柴火炉）运行时，在室内和室外收集的。采用发光细菌生物发光抑制试验评估了 PM 的生态毒性，而用 WST-8 和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放试验评估了细胞毒性，所用细胞为 A549 细胞。采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌试验（Ames 试验）检测了 PM 结合的多环芳烃（PAH）提取物的致突变性。生物发光抑制试验表明，来自壁炉的室内颗粒物毒性最大。在室内，与柴火炉相比，壁炉对 A549 细胞代谢活性的抑制作用高两倍以上（最高剂量分别为 32±3.2%和 72±7.6%）。来自壁炉的室内颗粒物比相应的室外样品诱导更强的细胞毒性。WST-8 和 LDH 的联合结果表明，PM 暴露会诱导细胞凋亡途径，其中细胞膜的完整性得以维持。在任何测试菌株中，室内和室外样品均缺乏直接和间接的致突变活性。对于室内生成的 PM，有机碳和 PAH 与细胞活力和生物发光降低显著相关，表明有机化合物在毒性中起作用。
