Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jan 5;441:129874. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129874. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Wood burning is a major source of ambient particulate matter (PM) and has been epidemiologically linked to adverse pulmonary health effects, however the impact of fuel and burning conditions on PM properties has not been investigated systematically. Here, we employed our recently developed integrated methodology to characterize the physicochemical and biological properties of emitted PM as a function of three common hardwoods (oak, cherry, mesquite) and three representative combustion conditions (flaming, smoldering, incomplete). Differences in PM and off-gas emissions (aerosol number/mass concentrations; carbon monoxide; volatile organic compounds) as well as inorganic elemental composition and organic carbon functional content of PM were noted between wood types and combustion conditions, although the combustion scenario exerted a stronger influence on the emission profile. More importantly, flaming combustion PM from all hardwoods significantly stimulated the promoter activity of Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) pointed domain containing ETS (E-twenty-six) Transcription Factor (SPDEF) in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293 T) cells, a biomarker for mucin gene expression associated with mucus production in pulmonary diseases. However, no bioactivity was observed for smoldering and incomplete combustion, which was likely driven by differences in the organic composition of PM. Detailed chemical speciation of organic components of wood smoke is warranted to identify the individual compounds that drive specific biological responses.
燃烧木材是环境中颗粒物（PM）的主要来源，并已在流行病学上与不良肺部健康影响相关联，然而，燃料和燃烧条件对 PM 特性的影响尚未得到系统研究。在这里，我们采用了我们最近开发的综合方法，根据三种常见硬木（橡木、樱桃木、豆科灌木）和三种代表性燃烧条件（火焰燃烧、闷烧、不完全燃烧）来描述排放 PM 的物理化学和生物特性。在 PM 和废气排放（气溶胶数/质量浓度；一氧化碳；挥发性有机化合物）以及 PM 的无机元素组成和有机碳官能团含量方面，木材类型和燃烧条件之间存在差异，尽管燃烧情况对排放情况的影响更强。更重要的是，所有硬木的火焰燃烧 PM 都显著刺激了人类胚胎肾 293（HEK-293T）细胞中 Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) pointed domain containing ETS (E-twenty-six) Transcription Factor (SPDEF) 的启动子活性，这是与肺部疾病中粘液产生相关的粘蛋白基因表达的生物标志物。然而，闷烧和不完全燃烧没有观察到生物活性，这可能是由于 PM 中有机成分的差异所致。有必要对木材烟雾中的有机成分进行详细的化学形态分析，以确定驱动特定生物反应的个别化合物。
