Reyes-Valenzuela Carlos, Villagrán Loreto, Alzugaray Carolina, Cova Félix, Méndez Jaime
Programa Andino de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Quito, Ecuador.
Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 25;12:641793. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641793. eCollection 2021.
The psychosocial impacts of natural disasters are associated with the triggering of negative and positive responses in the affected population; also, such effects are expressed in an individual and collective sphere. This can be seen in several reactions and behaviors that can vary from the development of individual disorders to impacts on interpersonal relationships, cohesion, communication, and participation of the affected communities, among others. The present work addressed the psychosocial impacts of the consequences of natural disasters considering individual effects via the impact of trauma and community effects, through the perception of social well-being, the valuation of the community and the social exchange of emotions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between individual reactions (i.e., intensity of trauma) and the evaluation of social and collective circumstances (i.e., social well-being) after the earthquake of 27F 2010 in Chile, through collective-type intervention variables not used in previous studies (i.e., social sharing of emotions and community appraisal). For this purpose, a descriptive, facto correlational and cross-sectional methodology was carried on, with the participation of 487 people affected by the 2010 earthquake, 331 women (68%) and 156 men (32%), between 18 and 58 years old ( = 21.09; = 5.45), from the provinces of Ñuble and Biobío, VIII region, Chile. The measurement was carried out 4 years after the earthquake and the results show that greater individual than collective involvements were found, mainly in the coastal zone of the region. The mediation analysis showed that the relationship between the intensity of the trauma and social well-being occurs through a route that considers social sharing of emotions and community appraisal. These results indicate that the overcoming of individual affectations to achieve social well-being occurs when in the immediate post-disaster phases the affected communities activate shared emotional and cognitive processes, which allow them to jointly face subsequent threats and abrupt changes.
自然灾害的社会心理影响与受灾人群中负面和正面反应的触发相关；此外，这种影响在个人和集体层面都有所体现。这可以从多种反应和行为中看出，这些反应和行为各不相同，从个体障碍的发展到对人际关系、凝聚力、沟通以及受灾社区参与度等方面的影响。本研究通过创伤影响考量个体效应，以及通过社会幸福感的认知、社区评价和情感的社会交流考量社区效应，探讨了自然灾害后果的社会心理影响。本研究的目的是通过此前研究未使用的集体型干预变量（即情感的社会分享和社区评价），评估2010年2月27日智利地震后个体反应（即创伤强度）与社会和集体状况评价（即社会幸福感）之间的关系。为此，采用了描述性、因素相关和横断面研究方法，有487名受2010年地震影响的人参与，其中331名女性（68%）和156名男性（32%），年龄在18至58岁之间（平均年龄 = 21.09岁；标准差 = 5.45岁），来自智利第八大区纽布莱省和比奥比奥省。测量在地震发生4年后进行，结果显示个体参与度高于集体参与度，主要集中在该地区的沿海地带。中介分析表明，创伤强度与社会幸福感之间的关系是通过一条考虑情感的社会分享和社区评价的路径实现的。这些结果表明，当受灾社区在灾后即刻阶段激活共享的情感和认知过程，使他们能够共同应对后续威胁和突然变化时，个体情感创伤的克服对于实现社会幸福感而言是可能的。
