Fowers Blaine J, Novak Lukas F, Calder Alexander J, Sommer Robert K
Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 26;12:647912. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647912. eCollection 2021.
Fowers et al. (2017) recently made a general argument for virtues as the characteristics necessary for individuals to flourish, given inherent human limitations. For example, people can flourish by developing the virtue of friendship as they navigate the inherent (healthy) human dependency on others. This general argument also illuminates a pathway to flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic, the risks of which have induced powerful fears, exacerbated injustices, and rendered life and death decisions far more common. Contexts of risk and fear call for the virtue of courage. Courage has emerged more powerfully as a central virtue among medical personnel, first responders, and essential workers. Longstanding inequalities have been highlighted during the pandemic, calling for the virtue of justice. When important personal and public health decisions must be made, the central virtue of practical wisdom comes to the fore. Wise decisions and actions incorporate the recognition of relevant moral concerns and aims, as well as responding in fitting and practical ways to the specifics of the situation. Practicing courage, justice, and practical wisdom illuminates a path to flourishing, even in a pandemic.
福尔斯等人（2017年）最近提出了一个普遍观点，即鉴于人类固有的局限性，美德是个人实现繁荣所必需的特质。例如，人们在应对人类对他人固有的（健康的）依赖时，可以通过培养友谊的美德来实现繁荣。这一普遍观点也为在新冠疫情期间实现繁荣指明了一条途径，疫情带来的风险引发了强烈的恐惧，加剧了不公正现象，并使生死抉择变得更加常见。风险和恐惧的环境需要勇气这一美德。在医务人员、急救人员和 essential workers 中，勇气作为一种核心美德更加凸显出来。长期存在的不平等现象在疫情期间被凸显出来，这需要正义这一美德。当必须做出重要的个人和公共卫生决策时，实践智慧这一核心美德就会凸显出来。明智的决策和行动包括认识到相关的道德关切和目标，以及以恰当和实际的方式应对具体情况。践行勇气、正义和实践智慧，即使在疫情期间也能照亮一条繁荣之路。 （注：原文中“essential workers”直译为“必要工作者”，结合语境可能是指关键岗位工作者等，具体准确含义需根据更详细背景确定）
