Hussen Bashdar Mahmud, Shoorei Hamed, Mohaqiq Mahdi, Dinger Marcel E, Hidayat Hazha Jamal, Taheri Mohammad, Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh
Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Mar 26;8:665199. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.665199. eCollection 2021.
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a course of action that enables a polarized epithelial cell to undertake numerous biochemical alterations that allow it to adopt features of mesenchymal cells such as high migratory ability, invasive properties, resistance to apoptosis, and importantly higher-order formation of extracellular matrix elements. EMT has important roles in implantation and gastrulation of the embryo, inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, and transformation of cancer cells, their invasiveness and metastatic ability. Regarding the importance of EMT in the invasive progression of cancer, this process has been well studies in in this context. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to exert critical function in the regulation of cellular processes that are involved in the EMT. These processes include regulation of some transcription factors namely SNAI1 and SNAI2, ZEB1 and ZEB2, Twist, and E12/E47, modulation of chromatin configuration, alternative splicing, and protein stability and subcellular location of proteins. In the present paper, we describe the influence of ncRNAs including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the EMT process and their application as biomarkers for this process and cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets.
上皮-间质转化（EMT）是一个使极化上皮细胞经历多种生化改变的过程，这些改变使其具备间质细胞的特征，如高迁移能力、侵袭性、抗凋亡能力，以及重要的细胞外基质成分的高阶形成能力。EMT在胚胎着床和原肠胚形成、炎症反应和纤维化以及癌细胞转化、侵袭和转移能力方面发挥着重要作用。鉴于EMT在癌症侵袭进展中的重要性，在此背景下对该过程进行了充分研究。非编码RNA（ncRNAs）已被证明在调控与EMT相关的细胞过程中发挥关键作用。这些过程包括对一些转录因子（即SNAI1和SNAI2、ZEB1和ZEB2、Twist以及E12/E47）的调控、染色质构型的调节、可变剪接以及蛋白质稳定性和蛋白质亚细胞定位。在本文中，我们描述了包括微小RNA和长链非编码RNA在内的ncRNAs在EMT过程中的影响，以及它们作为该过程和癌症进展的生物标志物的应用及其作为治疗靶点的潜力。
