Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
Independent Researcher, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
mBio. 2021 Apr 13;12(2):e00579-21. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00579-21.
There is a broad consensus in nutritional-microbiota research that high-fat (HF) diets are harmful to human health, at least in part through their modulation of the gut microbiota. However, various studies also support the inherent flexibility of the human gut and our microbiota's ability to adapt to a variety of food sources, suggesting a more nuanced picture. In this article, we first discuss some problems facing basic translational research and provide a different framework for thinking about diet and gut health in terms of metabolic flexibility. We then offer evidence that well-formulated HF diets, such as ketogenic diets, may provide healthful alternative fuel sources for the human gut. We place this in the context of cancer research, where this concern over HF diets is also expressed, and consider various potential objections concerning the effects of lipopolysaccharides, trimethylamine--oxide, and secondary bile acids on human gut health. We end by providing some general suggestions for how to improve research and clinical practice with respect to the gut microbiota when considering the framework of metabolic flexibility.
在营养微生物组学研究中，人们普遍认为高脂肪（HF）饮食对人类健康有害，至少部分原因是它会调节肠道微生物群。然而，各种研究也支持人类肠道固有的灵活性和我们的微生物群适应各种食物来源的能力，这表明情况更为复杂。在本文中，我们首先讨论了基础转化研究面临的一些问题，并提供了一个不同的框架，从代谢灵活性的角度来思考饮食和肠道健康。然后，我们提供了一些证据表明，配方良好的 HF 饮食，如生酮饮食，可能为人类肠道提供健康的替代燃料来源。我们将这一观点置于癌症研究的背景下，在癌症研究中也表达了对 HF 饮食的担忧，并考虑了关于内毒素、氧化三甲胺和次级胆汁酸对人类肠道健康影响的各种潜在反对意见。最后，我们就如何在考虑代谢灵活性框架的情况下，改善与肠道微生物群相关的研究和临床实践提出了一些一般性建议。
