State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
Genome. 2021 Nov;64(11):959-968. doi: 10.1139/gen-2020-0161. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
Understanding the genetic diversity of wheat is important for wheat breeding and improvement. However, there have been limited attempts to evaluate wheat diversity using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In this study, the chromosomal structures of 149 wheat accessions from 13 countries located between the latitudes of 30°N and 45°N, the principal growing region for wheat, were characterized using FISH with pTa535 and pSc119.2 probes. The ranges of the numbers of FISH types in the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes were 2-8, 3-7, and 2-4, respectively, and the average numbers in the A and B genomes were greater than in the D genome. Chromosomal translocations were detected by these probes, and previously undescribed translocations were also observed. Using the FISH, the genetic relationships among the 149 common wheat lines were divided into three groups (G1, G2, and G3). G1 mainly consisted of southern European lines, G2 consisted of most lines from Japan and some lines from western Asia, China, and Korea, and G3 consisted of the other lines from southern Europe and most of the lines from western Asia, China, and Korea. FISH karyotypes of wheat chromosomes distinguished chromosomal structural variations, revealing the genetic diversity among wheat varieties. Furthermore, these results provide valuable information for the further genetic improvement of wheat in China.
了解小麦的遗传多样性对于小麦的培育和改良非常重要。然而，利用荧光原位杂交（FISH）评估小麦多样性的尝试有限。本研究利用 pTa535 和 pSc119.2 探针对 13 个国家的 149 个小麦品种（位于 30°N 至 45°N 之间的纬度，是小麦的主要生长区域）的染色体结构进行了 FISH 分析。A、B 和 D 基因组染色体的 FISH 类型数范围分别为 2-8、3-7 和 2-4，A 和 B 基因组的平均值大于 D 基因组。这些探针检测到了染色体易位，并且还观察到了以前未描述的易位。利用 FISH，将 149 个普通小麦品系的遗传关系分为三组（G1、G2 和 G3）。G1 主要由南欧品系组成，G2 由来自日本和西亚、中国和韩国的大多数品系组成，G3 由其他南欧品系和来自西亚、中国和韩国的大多数品系组成。小麦染色体的 FISH 核型区分了染色体结构变异，揭示了小麦品种间的遗传多样性。此外，这些结果为中国进一步的小麦遗传改良提供了有价值的信息。
