School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, USA.
Prev Sci. 2021 Nov;22(8):1060-1070. doi: 10.1007/s11121-021-01240-9. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Escalation Workshop with a sample of US Navy sailors. Escalation is a one-session workshop designed to promote bystander behavior related to dating abuse. We conducted a two-arm RCT with follow-up at 4 and 8 months. Participants were 335 Navy sailors, recruited from two comparable ships based in the USA. The unit of randomization was the ship. The primary outcomes were as follows: (a) attitudes related to intervening as a bystander in dating abuse situations, (b) injunctive norms about dating abuse, (c) dating abuse-related prevention-oriented behaviors (e.g., such as posting dating violence prevention messages online), and (d) bystander behaviors including acting as a bystander to prevent peer self-harm, peer bullying, peer intoxication, or peer dating abuse, or being a proactive bystander and initiating conversations about dating abuse prevention with friends and others. Hierarchal linear models (HLMs) indicated that, compared to participants in the control group, participants in the intervention group demonstrated improvement in attitudes [β = .09, p < .001] and had more engagement than controls in prevention-oriented behavior at 8-month follow-up [β = 0.11, p < .01]. Those in the intervention group also reported larger increases than controls in bystander behavior related to peer self-harm, peer bullying, peer intoxication, and starting conversations about dating abuse. Results for dating abuse bystander behavior were mixed. At 4 months, workshop participation was marginally associated with increased bystander behavior with peers who had perpetrated dating abuse (β = 0.89, p = 0.06) and with peers experiencing physical or sexual dating abuse, or stalking or threats (β = 1.11, p = .07). However, workshop participation was not associated with increased bystander behavior with peers experiencing only physical abuse. The Escalation Workshop may be a promising strategy to promote change in dating abuse-related attitudinal change and prevention-oriented behavior, and bystander behavior with peers related to self-harm, bullying, intoxication, and some aspects of dating abuse prevention.
本研究旨在评估升级工作坊对美国海军水手样本的疗效。升级工作坊是一个单次会议的工作坊，旨在促进与约会虐待有关的旁观者行为。我们进行了一项双臂 RCT，并在 4 个月和 8 个月进行了随访。参与者是 335 名来自美国两艘相似船只的海军水手。随机分组单位是船只。主要结果如下：(a) 在约会虐待情况下作为旁观者进行干预的态度，(b) 关于约会虐待的禁令规范，(c) 与约会虐待预防相关的行为（例如，在网上发布约会暴力预防信息），以及 (d) 旁观者行为，包括防止同伴自残、同伴欺凌、同伴醉酒或同伴约会虐待，或成为积极的旁观者，并与朋友和其他人就约会虐待预防进行对话。层次线性模型 (HLMs) 表明，与对照组参与者相比，干预组参与者在态度方面有所改善[β=0.09，p<0.001]，并且在 8 个月的随访中比对照组更积极地参与预防性行为[β=0.11，p<0.01]。干预组参与者报告的同伴自我伤害、同伴欺凌、同伴醉酒和开始谈论约会虐待的旁观者行为的增加也大于对照组。关于同伴约会虐待行为的结果喜忧参半。在 4 个月时，工作坊的参与与同伴中实施约会虐待（β=0.89，p=0.06）以及与经历身体或性虐待、跟踪或威胁的同伴（β=1.11，p=0.07）的旁观者行为增加有关。然而，工作坊的参与与仅经历身体虐待的同伴的旁观者行为增加无关。升级工作坊可能是促进与约会虐待相关的态度改变和预防性行为以及与自我伤害、欺凌、醉酒和约会虐待预防某些方面有关的同伴行为改变的有前途的策略。
