Duke University Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 15;16(4):e0249725. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249725. eCollection 2021.
While there is substantial literature about the socio-cultural characteristics and values associated with recreational and commercial fisheries in the U.S., studies directed at those who 'fish for food'-those who depend on consuming their catch to various degrees-are relatively sparse. Using qualitative data collected through 80 semi-structured interviews with fishers in the summer and fall of 2018 in Carteret County, North Carolina, this study aims to better understand the group of recreational fishers who consume their catch by describing social and cultural dimensions and values associated with fishing for food, examining the role of infrastructure in facilitating access to benefits associated with this activity, and considering how knowledge of existing licensing regulations surrounding subsistence license waivers affect this fishing community. Interviews conducted at free public fishing structures in the region revealed that fishers derive a variety of values and benefits from fishing at these sites, including access to recreation, nutrition, a social community, and mental health benefits, which were found to be negatively impacted by Hurricane Florence in September 2018. We also found an informal economy of sharing catch on- and off-site that extends the reach and benefits facilitated by public infrastructure to people beyond those using it directly. Overall, we call for conceptualizations of 'fishing for food' that include aspects that go beyond traditional definitions of 'subsistence' or 'recreational' fishing such as food security, access, and less obvious social and cultural motivations behind the activity. These findings are a compelling rationalization for the creation and maintenance of formal and informal fishing places locally and, by extension, in other coastal areas, given the array of benefits provided by access to these types of locations.
虽然有大量关于美国娱乐性和商业性渔业的社会文化特征和价值观的文献，但针对那些“以捕鱼为食”的人的研究却相对较少，这些人在不同程度上依赖于食用自己捕获的鱼类。本研究使用 2018 年夏季和秋季在北卡罗来纳州卡特雷特县通过 80 次与渔民的半结构化访谈收集的定性数据，旨在通过描述与以捕鱼为食相关的社会和文化层面以及价值观，更好地了解食用自己捕获鱼类的娱乐性渔民群体，考察基础设施在促进获得与该活动相关的利益方面的作用，并考虑了解有关生存许可证豁免的现有许可法规如何影响这个捕鱼社区。在该地区的免费公共捕鱼设施进行的访谈表明，渔民从这些地方的捕鱼活动中获得了多种价值和利益，包括娱乐、营养、社交社区和心理健康益处，而这些在 2018 年 9 月的佛罗伦萨飓风后受到了负面影响。我们还发现了一种在现场和场外分享渔获的非正式经济，这种经济将公共基础设施带来的延伸和利益扩展到了那些直接使用它的人之外的人。总的来说，我们呼吁对“以捕鱼为食”的概念进行思考，将超越传统的“生存”或“娱乐”捕鱼的定义，包括食品安全、获取途径以及该活动背后不那么明显的社会和文化动机。鉴于这些类型的地点提供的一系列好处，这些发现为在当地和其他沿海地区创建和维护正式和非正式的捕鱼场所提供了令人信服的理由。
