Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2021 Jul 1;24(4):315-325. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000754.
The purpose of this article is to rationally review and critically appraise the current knowledge in the most relevant nongenetic and genetic factors influencing obesity predisposition. This information may be translated into the implementation of personalized nutrition approaches involving precision nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic strategies for obesity monitoring and weight management.
The importance and influence of several nongenetic contributors to obesity onset and individual responses to weight-loss interventions have been highlighted including the role of age, sex or perinatal feeding and others related to an individual's lifestyle and modifiable. Nutrigenetic studies have analysed potential interactions between polymorphisms influencing energy homeostasis/body composition and dietary factors in relation to adiposity phenotypes and therapy responsiveness. A second approach comprises the Nutrigenomic analysis of gene expression modifications in response to the consumption of specific nutrients or dietary bioactive compounds, which may involve epigenetic mechanisms including deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and micro-ribonucleic acid expression profiles.
Taken together, these findings encompass the importance of taking into account up-to-date advances in Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic hallmarks, globally analysing the risk of weight gain and related outcomes after following nutrition counselling, this contributing to improve obesity care considering phenotypical traits and the genetic make-up for precision obesity care.
本文旨在合理回顾和批判性评价影响肥胖易感性的最相关非遗传和遗传因素的现有知识。这些信息可以转化为实施个性化营养方法，包括精准营养遗传学和营养基因组学策略，以进行肥胖监测和体重管理。
强调了几种非遗传因素在肥胖发生和个体对减肥干预反应中的重要性和影响，包括年龄、性别或围产期喂养等因素，以及与个体生活方式和可改变因素相关的其他因素。营养遗传学研究分析了影响能量平衡/身体成分的多态性与饮食因素之间的潜在相互作用，与肥胖表型和治疗反应性有关。第二种方法包括对特定营养素或膳食生物活性化合物摄入后基因表达修饰的营养基因组分析，这可能涉及包括脱氧核糖核酸甲基化和微核糖核酸表达谱在内的表观遗传机制。
综上所述，这些发现包括考虑最新营养遗传学和营养基因组学特征的重要性，在全球范围内分析营养咨询后体重增加和相关结果的风险，这有助于考虑表型特征和遗传构成，为精准肥胖护理做出贡献。
