Aljaadi Abeer M, Wiedeman Alejandra M, Barr Susan I, Devlin Angela M, Green Tim J
Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2021 Mar 13;5(4):nzab021. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzab021. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Nutrition surveys suggest that <10% of Canadian adults have inadequate riboflavin intakes. However, biochemical riboflavin deficiency [erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRac) ≥1.40] has been reported in 41% of young adult women living in Metro Vancouver. Canadian Chinese ethnicity comprise >25% of Vancouver's population and are postulated to have poorer riboflavin status than those of European ethnicity because they could be less likely to consume dairy products and fortified wheat.
The objectives of this study were to determine dietary riboflavin intake and food sources, and to assess the association between riboflavin intake and status in young women of European (= 107) and Chinese (= 91) ethnicities living in Metro Vancouver, Canada.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in women (aged 19-45 y). Women were healthy, not pregnant or breastfeeding, of European or Chinese ethnicities, and not taking riboflavin-containing supplements for the past 4 mo. Dietary riboflavin intake was assessed using the past-year Diet History Questionnaire II, and riboflavin status (EGRac) was measured in fasting venous blood samples.
Only 7% of participants had dietary riboflavin intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (0.9 mg/d), but 40% of women had biochemical riboflavin deficiency (EGRac ≥1.40). Although more Canadian women of European ethnicity than Chinese ethnicity had biochemical riboflavin deficiency (46% and 34%; < 0.001), median dietary riboflavin intake did not differ (1.73 and 1.82 mg/d; = 0.587). Dairy products and vegetables contributed the most to riboflavin intake. Energy-adjusted dietary riboflavin intake was inversely associated with EGRac (B = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.01). However, after further adjustment the relation was not significant.
Overall, women of reproductive age living in Metro Vancouver, Canada, had a low prevalence of inadequate dietary riboflavin intake despite the high prevalence of apparent biochemical riboflavin deficiency.
营养调查显示，加拿大成年人中核黄素摄入量不足的比例不到10%。然而，据报道，居住在大温哥华地区的年轻成年女性中有41%存在生化核黄素缺乏（红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数（EGRac）≥1.40）。加拿大华裔占温哥华人口的25%以上，据推测，他们的核黄素状况比欧洲裔人群更差，因为他们食用乳制品和强化小麦的可能性较小。
本研究的目的是确定饮食中核黄素的摄入量和食物来源，并评估加拿大温哥华地区欧洲裔（=107）和华裔（=91）年轻女性核黄素摄入量与核黄素状况之间的关联。
这是一项针对19至45岁女性的横断面研究。研究对象为健康女性，非孕期或哺乳期，为欧洲裔或华裔，且在过去4个月内未服用含核黄素的补充剂。使用过去一年的饮食史问卷II评估饮食中核黄素的摄入量，并在空腹静脉血样本中测量核黄素状况（EGRac）。
只有7%的参与者饮食中核黄素摄入量低于估计平均需求量（0.9毫克/天），但40%的女性存在生化核黄素缺乏（EGRac≥1.40）。尽管欧洲裔加拿大女性生化核黄素缺乏的比例高于华裔女性（46%和34%；P<0.001），但饮食中核黄素摄入量的中位数并无差异（1.73和1.82毫克/天；P=0.587）。乳制品和蔬菜对核黄素摄入量的贡献最大。能量调整后的饮食核黄素摄入量与EGRac呈负相关（B=-0.04，95%置信区间：-0.07，-0.01）。然而，进一步调整后，这种关系并不显著。
总体而言，尽管明显生化核黄素缺乏的患病率较高，但居住在加拿大温哥华地区的育龄女性饮食中核黄素摄入不足的患病率较低。
