Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2021 Aug;83(6):2656-2674. doi: 10.3758/s13414-021-02295-0. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
A wealth of recent research supports the validity of the Self-Prioritization Effect (SPE)-the performance advantage for responses to self-associated as compared with other-person-associated stimuli in a shape-label matching task. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the particular stage(s) of information processing that are influenced. In one account, self-prioritization modulates multiple stages of processing, whereas according to a competing account, self-prioritization is driven solely by a modulation in central-stage information-processing. To decide between these two possibilities, the present study tested whether the self-advantage in arm movements previously reported could reflect a response bias using visual feedback (Experiment 1), or approach motivation processes (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 1, visual feedback was occluded in a ballistic movement-time variant of the matching task, whereas in Experiment 2, task responses were directed away from the stimuli and the participant's body. The advantage for self in arm-movement responses emerged in both experiments. The findings indicate that the self-advantage in arm-movement responses does not depend on the use of visual feedback or on a self/stimuli-directed response. They further indicate that self-relevance can modulate movement responses (predominantly) using proprioceptive, kinaesthetic, and tactile information. These findings support the view that self-relevance modulates arm-movement responses, countering the suggestion that self-prioritization only influences central-stage processes, and consistent with a multiple-stage influence instead.
大量最近的研究支持自我优先效应（SPE）的有效性——在形状-标签匹配任务中，与其他人物相关刺激相比，对自我相关刺激的反应表现出优势。然而，关于受影响的信息处理特定阶段（s），报告的结果不一致。在一种解释中，自我优先化调节多个处理阶段，而根据竞争解释，自我优先化仅由中央阶段信息处理的调节驱动。为了在这两种可能性之间做出决定，本研究使用视觉反馈（实验 1）或接近动机过程（实验 1 和 2）来测试先前报道的手臂运动中的自我优势是否可以反映反应偏差。在实验 1 中，在匹配任务的弹道运动时间变体中遮挡视觉反馈，而在实验 2 中，任务响应远离刺激和参与者的身体。在这两个实验中，手臂运动反应的自我优势都出现了。这些发现表明，手臂运动反应中的自我优势不依赖于视觉反馈的使用或自我/刺激导向的反应。它们进一步表明，自我相关性可以使用本体感觉、动觉和触觉信息（主要）调节运动反应。这些发现支持自我相关性调节手臂运动反应的观点，反驳了自我优先化仅影响中央阶段过程的观点，并与多阶段影响一致。
