BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Jun;163:230-238. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.001. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is prone to fungal and oomycete diseases. Downy and powdery mildews and grey mold, are caused by Plasmopara viticola, Erisiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. P. viticola and E. necator are obligatory biotrophs whereas B. cinerea is a necrotroph. In tolerant grapevine cultivars, plant-pathogen interaction induces defence responses, including metabolite and protein accumulation and hypersensitive reaction. Lipid and lipid-derived molecules may have a key role in the activation of defence mechanisms. Previous results suggest that V. vinifera cv Regent tolerance to P. viticola may be mediated in the first hours post inoculation by fatty acid (FA) associated signalling. In the present study we characterized FA modulation in V. vinifera cv Regent leaves upon inoculation with P. viticola, E. necator and B. cinerea and correlated FA modulation with the expression profiles of genes encoding the FA desaturases FAD6 and FAD8. In all the interactions, a progressive desaturation of stearic acid to α-linolenic acid, precursor of jasmonic acid, occurred, which was observed for a longer period against B. cinerea. Our results provide evidence of a distinct FA meditated signalling pattern in grapevine interaction with biotrophs and necrotrophs. While the interaction with the biotrophs may trigger a higher synthesis of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) at early time-points with a tendency to return to basal levels, the interaction with B. cinerea may trigger a later and more durable induction of PUFA synthesis. In all interactions, membrane fluidity modulation occurred, which may be crucial to maintain cellular function during infection.
葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）易患真菌和卵菌病害。霜霉病和白粉病分别由 Plasmopara viticola、Erisiphe necator 和 Botrytis cinerea 引起，而 Botrytis cinerea 是一种坏死型病原体。P. viticola 和 E. necator 是专性生物型，而 B. cinerea 是坏死型。在具有耐受性的葡萄品种中，植物-病原体相互作用会引发防御反应，包括代谢物和蛋白质的积累以及过敏反应。脂质和脂质衍生分子可能在激活防御机制中发挥关键作用。先前的研究结果表明，V. vinifera cv Regent 对 P. viticola 的耐受性可能在接种后最初几小时内通过与脂肪酸（FA）相关的信号转导来介导。在本研究中，我们研究了 P. viticola、E. necator 和 B. cinerea 接种后 V. vinifera cv Regent 叶片中 FA 的调节，并将 FA 调节与编码 FA 去饱和酶 FAD6 和 FAD8 的基因的表达谱相关联。在所有相互作用中，硬脂酸向 α-亚麻酸（茉莉酸的前体）的逐步去饱和都发生了，而与 B. cinerea 的相互作用则持续了更长时间。我们的研究结果为葡萄与生物型和坏死型病原体相互作用中的不同 FA 介导的信号模式提供了证据。虽然与生物型的相互作用可能会在早期触发更高的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）合成，并倾向于恢复到基础水平，但与 B. cinerea 的相互作用可能会触发更晚和更持久的 PUFA 合成诱导。在所有相互作用中，都发生了膜流动性调节，这对于在感染过程中维持细胞功能可能至关重要。
