Sun Ting, Kang Yiyuan, Liu Jia, Zhang Yanli, Ou Lingling, Liu Xiangning, Lai Renfa, Shao Longquan
Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2021 Apr 16;19(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00843-2.
The widespread use of nanomaterials (NMs) has raised concerns that exposure to them may introduce potential risks to the human body and environment. The liver is the main target organ for NMs. Hepatotoxic effects caused by NMs have been observed in recent studies but have not been linked to liver disease, and the intrinsic mechanisms are poorly elucidated. Additionally, NMs exhibit varied toxicokinetics and induce enhanced toxic effects in susceptible livers; however, thus far, this issue has not been thoroughly reviewed. This review provides an overview of the toxicokinetics of NMs. We highlight the possibility that NMs induce hepatic diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, liver cancer, and metabolic disorders, and explore the underlying intrinsic mechanisms. Additionally, NM toxicokinetics and the potential induced risks in the livers of susceptible individuals, including subjects with liver disease, obese individuals, aging individuals and individuals of both sexes, are summarized. To understand how NM type affect their toxicity, the influences of the physicochemical and morphological (PCM) properties of NMs on their toxicokinetics and toxicity are also explored. This review provides guidance for further toxicological studies on NMs and will be important for the further development of NMs for applications in various fields.
纳米材料（NMs）的广泛使用引发了人们的担忧，即接触纳米材料可能会给人体和环境带来潜在风险。肝脏是纳米材料的主要靶器官。近期研究已观察到纳米材料引起的肝毒性效应，但尚未发现其与肝脏疾病有关，且内在机制也未得到充分阐明。此外，纳米材料表现出不同的毒代动力学，并在易感性肝脏中诱导增强的毒性效应；然而，迄今为止，这一问题尚未得到全面综述。本综述概述了纳米材料的毒代动力学。我们强调了纳米材料诱发肝脏疾病的可能性，包括非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）、肝纤维化、肝癌和代谢紊乱，并探讨了潜在的内在机制。此外，还总结了纳米材料的毒代动力学以及在易感个体（包括肝病患者、肥胖个体、老年个体和不同性别的个体）肝脏中潜在诱发的风险。为了解纳米材料类型如何影响其毒性，还探讨了纳米材料的物理化学和形态学（PCM）特性对其毒代动力学和毒性的影响。本综述为纳米材料的进一步毒理学研究提供了指导，对于纳米材料在各个领域应用的进一步发展具有重要意义。
