School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2021 Aug;17(4):1343-1361. doi: 10.1007/s12015-021-10165-3. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of global death, widely occurs due to irreparable loss of the functional cardiomyocytes. Stem cell-based therapeutic approaches, particularly the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is an emerging strategy to regenerate myocardium and thereby improving the cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Most of the current approaches often employ the use of various biological and chemical factors as cues to trigger and modulate the differentiation of MSCs into the cardiac lineage. However, the recent advanced methods of using specific epigenetic modifiers and exosomes to manipulate the epigenome and molecular pathways of MSCs to modify the cardiac gene expression yield better profiled cardiomyocyte like cells in vitro. Hitherto, the role of cardiac specific inducers triggering cardiac differentiation at the cellular and molecular level is not well understood. Therefore, the current review highlights the impact and recent trends in employing biological and chemical inducers on cardiac differentiation of MSCs. Thereby, deciphering the interactions between the cellular microenvironment and the cardiac inducers will help us to understand cardiomyogenesis of MSCs. Additionally, the review also provides an insight on skeptical roles of the cell free biological factors and extracellular scaffold assisted mode for manipulation of native and transplanted stem cells towards translational cardiac research.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球死亡的主要原因，广泛发生是由于功能性心肌细胞的不可挽回的损失。基于干细胞的治疗方法，特别是间充质干细胞（MSCs）的使用，是一种新兴的策略，可用于再生心肌，从而改善心肌梗死后的心脏功能。目前大多数方法通常采用各种生物和化学因子作为线索来触发和调节 MSC 向心脏谱系的分化。然而，最近使用特定表观遗传修饰剂和外泌体的先进方法来操纵 MSC 的表观基因组和分子途径，以修饰心脏基因表达，从而在体外产生更好的心肌样细胞。迄今为止，细胞和分子水平上触发心脏分化的心脏特异性诱导物的作用尚不清楚。因此，本综述强调了生物和化学诱导物在 MSC 心脏分化中的作用和最新趋势。从而，解析细胞微环境与心脏诱导物之间的相互作用将有助于我们理解 MSC 的心肌发生。此外，该综述还提供了对无细胞生物因子和细胞外支架辅助模式的质疑作用的见解，用于操纵天然和移植干细胞，以促进转化心脏研究。
