Doylestown Plus and GALAD Demonstrate High Sensitivity for HCC Detection in Patients With Cirrhosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is associated with early tumor detection and improved survival in patients with cirrhosis. Surveillance is performed using semiannual abdominal ultrasound with or without α-fetoprotein (AFP); however, this strategy misses more than one-third of HCC at an early stage. These data highlight a need for novel surveillance strategies with higher accuracy for early HCC detection. GALAD and Doylestown Plus are novel biomarker panels that combine multiple biomarkers with patient demographic and clinical characteristics; both demonstrated promising accuracy in phase II case-control studies; however, case-control studies can overestimate biomarker performance, highlighting a need for phase III cohort and nested case-control studies. Our study aimed to compare multiple biomarkers (including AFP, GALAD, and Doylestown Plus) in a nested case-control study of patients with cirrhosis.