Food For Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Food For Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Jul;104(7):7364-7382. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19776. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
Grazing pasture is the basis for dairy production systems in regions with temperate climates, such as in Ireland, New Zealand, parts of Australia, the United States, and Europe. Milk and dairy products from cows on pasture-based farms predominantly consuming fresh grazed grass (typically classified as "grass-fed" milk) have been previously shown to possess a different nutrient profile, with potential nutritional benefits, compared with conventional milk derived from total mixed ration. Moreover, pasture-based production systems are considered more environmentally and animal welfare friendly by consumers. As such, there is significant potential for market capitalization on grass-fed dairy products. As competition in this space increases, the regulations of what constitutes as grass-fed vary between different regions of the world. With this in mind, there is a need for clear and independently accredited grass-fed standards, defining the grass-fed criteria for labeling of products as such, subsequently increasing the clarity and confidence for the consumer. This review outlines the numerous effects of pasture production systems on dairy product composition, nutritional profile, and sustainability, and highlights potential future methods for authentication.
放牧是温带地区（如爱尔兰、新西兰、澳大利亚部分地区、美国和欧洲）奶业生产系统的基础。来自以放牧为基础的农场的奶牛，主要食用新鲜放牧的草（通常被归类为“草饲”牛奶），其牛奶和奶制品与传统的全混合日粮相比，具有不同的营养成分，具有潜在的营养益处。此外，消费者认为以放牧为基础的生产系统对环境和动物福利更友好。因此，草饲乳制品具有巨大的市场资本化潜力。随着该领域竞争的加剧，世界各地对草饲的定义存在差异。考虑到这一点，需要制定明确和独立认可的草饲标准，为产品贴上此类标签定义草饲标准，从而提高消费者的透明度和信心。这篇综述概述了放牧生产系统对乳制品成分、营养成分和可持续性的诸多影响，并强调了未来潜在的认证方法。
