Voros Viktor, Tenyi Tamas, Nagy Agnes, Fekete Sandor, Osvath Peter
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 24;12:598923. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.598923. eCollection 2021.
Despite of the decreasing suicide rates in many countries, suicide is still a major public health concern worldwide. Traditional suicide risk factors have limited clinical predictive value, as they provide little reliable information on the acute psychological processes leading to suicide. The aim of this analysis is to describe and compare the recently introduced two suicide-specific syndromes [ and ] with the classic psychological features of pre-suicidal crisis and also to assess the clinical utility of the new suicide prediction scales in contrast to classical risk factors. Conceptual analysis. Suicide-specific syndromes are not novel in terms of symptomatology or dynamics of symptom onset, but in their use of well-defined diagnostic criteria. In addition to symptomatic classification, they also provide an opportunity to objectively measure the current pre-suicidal emotional and mental state by validated tools. Future studies need to be completed to prove the reliability and predictive validity of suicide-specific diagnostic categories and the related suicide risk assessment tools. Clinical use of suicide-specific syndromes is suggested. This transdiagnostic approach not only enables a more accurate and objective assessment of imminent suicide risk, but also facilitates research in neuroscience, which represent a major step forward in managing and complex understanding of suicidal behavior.
尽管许多国家的自杀率在下降，但自杀仍是全球主要的公共卫生问题。传统的自杀风险因素临床预测价值有限，因为它们几乎没有提供关于导致自杀的急性心理过程的可靠信息。本分析的目的是描述和比较最近引入的两种自杀特异性综合征[和]与自杀前危机的经典心理特征，并评估新的自杀预测量表与经典风险因素相比的临床效用。概念分析。自杀特异性综合征在症状学或症状发作动态方面并非新颖，但在其使用明确的诊断标准方面是新颖的。除了症状分类外，它们还提供了通过经过验证的工具客观测量当前自杀前情绪和心理状态的机会。需要完成未来研究以证明自杀特异性诊断类别和相关自杀风险评估工具的可靠性和预测有效性。建议临床使用自杀特异性综合征。这种跨诊断方法不仅能够更准确、客观地评估即将发生的自杀风险，还能促进神经科学研究，这代表了在管理和复杂理解自杀行为方面向前迈出的重要一步。
