Sabiniewicz Agnieszka, Schaefer Elena, Cagdas Guducu, Manesse Cedric, Bensafi Moustafa, Krasteva Nadejda, Nelles Gabriele, Hummel Thomas
Interdisciplinary Center "Smell & Taste", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
Interdisciplinary Center "Smell & Taste", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Iperception. 2021 Mar 30;12(2):2041669521989731. doi: 10.1177/2041669521989731. eCollection 2021 Mar-Apr.
The present study aimed to investigate whether the perception of still scenes in a virtual environment in congruent versus incongruent condition can be influenced by odors. Ninety healthy participants were divided into three groups, including two experimental virtual reality (VR) environments: a rose garden, an orange basket, and a control condition. In each VR condition, participants were exposed to a rose odor, an orange odor, or no odor, resulting in congruent, incongruent, and control conditions. Participants were asked to describe (a) the content of the VR scene and rate its overall pleasantness and (b) the smell and to rate its intensity and pleasantness. For each condition, participants were tested twice. During the second test, participants provided ratings and descriptions of the content of the VR scenes without being exposed to odors or VR environments. Virtual scenarios tended to be remembered as more pleasant when presented with congruent odors. Furthermore, participants used more descriptors in congruent scenarios than in incongruent scenarios. Eventually, rose odor appeared to be remembered as more pleasant when presented within congruent scenarios. These findings show that olfactory stimuli in congruent versus incongruent conditions can possibly modulate the perception of the pleasantness of visual scenes but not the memorization.
本研究旨在调查在虚拟环境中，气味是否会影响人们对一致和不一致条件下静止场景的感知。90名健康参与者被分为三组，包括两个实验性虚拟现实（VR）环境：玫瑰园、橙子篮，以及一个对照条件。在每种VR条件下，参与者分别接触玫瑰气味、橙子气味或无气味，从而形成一致、不一致和对照条件。参与者被要求描述（a）VR场景的内容并对其整体愉悦度进行评分，以及（b）气味并对其强度和愉悦度进行评分。对于每种条件，参与者都进行了两次测试。在第二次测试中，参与者在未接触气味或VR环境的情况下，对VR场景的内容进行评分和描述。当呈现一致的气味时，虚拟场景往往被记忆为更愉悦。此外，参与者在一致场景中使用的描述词比在不一致场景中更多。最终，当在一致场景中呈现时，玫瑰气味似乎被记忆为更愉悦。这些发现表明，在一致和不一致条件下的嗅觉刺激可能会调节视觉场景愉悦度的感知，但不会影响记忆。
