Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; email:
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
Annu Rev Virol. 2021 Sep 29;8(1):115-131. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-100543. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
In nature, insects face a constant threat of infection by numerous exogeneous viruses, and their intestinal tracts are the predominant ports of entry. Insects can acquire these viruses orally during either blood feeding by hematophagous insects or sap sucking and foliage feeding by insect herbivores. However, the insect intestinal tract forms several physical and immunological barriers to defend against viral invasion, including cell intrinsic antiviral immunity, the peritrophic matrix and the mucin layer, and local symbiotic microorganisms. Whether an infection can be successfully established in the intestinal tract depends on the complex interactions between viruses and those barriers. In this review, we summarize recent progress on virus-intestinal tract interplay in insects, in which various underlying mechanisms derived from nutritional status, dynamics of symbiotic microorganisms, and virus-encoded components play intricate roles in the regulation of virus invasion in the intestinal tract, either directly or indirectly.
在自然界中，昆虫面临着无数外源病毒感染的持续威胁，而它们的肠道是主要的入侵门户。昆虫可以通过吸血昆虫的吸血或昆虫食草动物的吸食汁液和食用树叶来经口获得这些病毒。然而，昆虫肠道形成了几道物理和免疫屏障来抵御病毒入侵，包括细胞内在的抗病毒免疫、围食膜和黏液层，以及局部共生微生物。感染是否能在肠道中成功建立取决于病毒和这些屏障之间的复杂相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了昆虫肠道中病毒与肠道相互作用的最新进展，其中来自营养状况、共生微生物动态和病毒编码成分的各种潜在机制在调节病毒入侵肠道方面发挥了复杂的作用，无论是直接的还是间接的。
