J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2021 Mar 1;17(3):416-425. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3036.
Emergency of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems has improved the target, bioavailability, and curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the application of nano-preparation has been limited owing to the low content of active ingredients in part TCM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses at post-transcriptional regulation level by cleavage or translational inhibition. The molecular functions of miRNAs playing a role in synthesizing active comportments at medicinal plants have been widely researched. Dendrobium nobile is a perennial herb in the orchidaceae family. D. nobile protocorm can produce plant-specific metabolites at a short period. Therefore, it is a good substitute for producing metabolites. To understand the functions of miRNAs in D. nobile protocorm, Illumina sequencing of D. nobile protocorm (Dnp), D. officinale protocorm (Dcp), and D. nobile leaf (Dnl) were carried out. A total of 439, 412, and 432 miRNAs were identified from Dnp, Dcp, and Dnl, respectively. Some specific miRNAs were identified among them. Through combing GO and KEGG function annotation, miRNAs mainly involved metabolic pathways, plant hormone signal transduction, biological regulation, and protein binding. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT), mevalonate kinase (MK), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (HDS), synthesizing basic precursor isoprene pyrophosphate (IPP) in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, were predicted as potential targets of 6 different miRNAs. Twenty-six miRNAs participated in auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid signal transduction pathway. This report provided valuable candidate genes in Dnp involved in terpenoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. At the same time, it can help accelerate the use of dendrobine into nano preparation.
纳米药物传递系统的出现提高了中药（TCM）的靶向性、生物利用度和疗效。然而，由于部分中药的有效成分含量低，纳米制剂的应用受到限制。MicroRNAs（miRNAs）通过切割或翻译抑制在转录后水平调节植物的生长、发育和对环境胁迫的反应。在药用植物中，miRNAs 在合成活性成分方面的分子功能已被广泛研究。铁皮石斛是兰科多年生草本植物。铁皮石斛原球茎在短时间内就能产生植物特异性代谢产物。因此，它是产生代谢产物的良好替代品。为了了解 miRNA 在铁皮石斛原球茎中的功能，对铁皮石斛原球茎（Dnp）、铁皮石斛原球茎（Dcp）和铁皮石斛叶片（Dnl）进行了 Illumina 测序。分别从 Dnp、Dcp 和 Dnl 中鉴定出 439、412 和 432 个 miRNA。其中鉴定出一些特异性 miRNA。通过 GO 和 KEGG 功能注释的组合，miRNA 主要参与代谢途径、植物激素信号转导、生物调节和蛋白质结合。乙酰辅酶 A 乙酰转移酶（AACT）、甲羟戊酸激酶（MK）、1-脱氧-D-木酮糖 5-磷酸还原异构酶（DXR）和 2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇 4-磷酸胞苷转移酶（HDS），萜类化合物生物合成途径中基本前体异戊烯焦磷酸（IPP）的合成，被预测为 6 个不同 miRNA 的潜在靶标。26 个 miRNA 参与了生长素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸、茉莉酸和水杨酸信号转导途径。本报告为 Dnp 中参与萜类生物合成和植物激素信号转导途径的候选基因提供了有价值的信息。同时，它可以帮助加速将铁皮石斛素制成纳米制剂。
