Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St, 6th floor, Ste 6230, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Eat Weight Disord. 2022 Mar;27(2):429-447. doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01189-2. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Patients with chemosensory dysfunction experience significant quality of life disruptions, including reduced enjoyment of eating. While chemosensory dysfunction has been associated with eating disorders, the relationship is poorly understood. This systematic review aims to characterize psychophysical gustation and olfaction in patients with eating disorders.
Systematic review of investigations assessing psychophysical chemosensory function in patients with organic eating disorders.
26 studies were included. Five studies assessed both chemosenses, while 12 and 9 assessed exclusively gustation or olfaction, respectively. In total, 779 patients were included [72.4% anorexia nervosa (AN), 26.7% bulimia nervosa (BN), 0.8% combined AN/BN]. Patients with eating disorders experienced rates of hypogeusia up to 87% in AN and 84.6% in BN. There was evidence for alterations in psychophysical olfaction, but orientation of trends were less clear. Chemosensory dysfunction was more evident in AN patients. Treatment correlated with improved chemosensory function.
Despite heterogeneity in study methodology and results, this review demonstrates that patients with eating disorders experience some degree of chemosensory dysfunction, particularly in gustation. This symptomatology overlaps with those experienced by patients with other causes of chemosensory impairment. These findings suggest potential broad psychosocial, dietary, and mental health implications in patient populations experiencing chemosensory dysfunction.
Level II.
患有化学感觉功能障碍的患者会经历严重的生活质量破坏，包括降低进食的享受。虽然化学感觉功能障碍与饮食失调有关，但这种关系理解得很差。本系统评价旨在描述饮食失调患者的心理物理味觉和嗅觉。
系统评价评估有机饮食失调患者心理物理化学感觉功能的研究。
纳入了 26 项研究。有 5 项研究评估了两种感觉，而 12 项和 9 项研究分别专门评估了味觉或嗅觉。总共纳入了 779 名患者[72.4%神经性厌食症（AN），26.7%贪食症（BN），0.8%混合性 AN/BN]。饮食失调患者的味觉减退率高达 AN 患者的 87%和 BN 患者的 84.6%。有证据表明心理物理嗅觉发生了改变，但趋势的方向不太明确。化学感觉功能障碍在 AN 患者中更为明显。治疗与改善化学感觉功能相关。
尽管研究方法和结果存在异质性，但本综述表明，饮食失调患者确实经历了某种程度的化学感觉功能障碍，特别是在味觉方面。这种症状与其他化学感觉障碍患者所经历的症状重叠。这些发现表明，在经历化学感觉功能障碍的患者群体中，可能存在广泛的社会心理、饮食和心理健康影响。
二级。
