Silver J R, Gill S
National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury.
Sports Med. 1988 May;5(5):328-34. doi: 10.2165/00007256-198805050-00005.
In 1984 JR Silver reported on 63 patients who had sustained serious injuries of their cervical spine as a result of games of rugby between the years 1952 and 1982. In this paper his results have been brought up to date. A further 19 players who were treated personally are reported, sustaining their injuries between 1983 and 1987. The mechanism of injury was still blows to the head or the head being driven into the ground. Seven injuries occurred in the scrums all were front row forwards. One was injured when the players charged, two players were inexperienced and the other cases all followed a collapse of the scrum after which the second rows continued to push. Five players were injured while tackling, six players were injured in a ruck and maul situation--in each case they were pushed to the ground while stooping to pick up the ball, other players piled on top of them (one player broke from the scrum and he endeavoured to retrieve a low ball and then fell striking his head). Further research was carried out by circularising all the spinal units in the United Kingdom to obtain the overall figures. It has been found that there has been a reduction in the number of injuries from ten in 1983 to five in 1986/7, presumably from a change in the laws. In order to determine whether a further change in the laws was necessary or whether the existing laws were adequate, research was carried out by video recording several games of rugby and analysing the games later in slow motion and determining how injuries occurred. Most of the injuries in these small number of games occurred in the ruck and maul situation. It was concluded that the majority of such injuries were not due to bad luck but were caused by irresponsible actions. The laws were still being broken and not being enforced. The existing laws were adequate since there has been a reduction in the number of injuries overall, particularly at first class and schoolboy levels, but were not enforced at junior levels-they were the main source of injury.
1984年，JR·西尔弗报告了63例在1952年至1982年期间因橄榄球比赛而导致颈椎严重受伤的患者。在本文中，他的研究结果已更新至最新情况。又报告了另外19名他亲自治疗过的球员，他们在1983年至1987年期间受伤。受伤机制仍是头部受到撞击或头部被撞向地面。7例受伤发生在争球时，伤者均为前排前锋。1例是在球员冲锋时受伤，2名球员经验不足，其他病例均是在争球阵式倒塌后发生的，之后第二排球员继续推挤。5名球员在擒抱时受伤，6名球员在扭夺球和围挤争球情况下受伤——在每种情况下，他们都是在俯身捡球时被推倒在地，其他球员压在他们身上（1名球员从争球阵式中挣脱出来，试图捡起一个低球，然后摔倒并撞到了头部）。通过向英国所有的脊柱治疗单位发送通知以获取总体数据，进行了进一步的研究。已发现受伤人数从1983年的10人减少到了1986/87年的5人，这大概是由于规则的变化。为了确定是否有必要进一步修改规则，或者现有规则是否足够，通过对几场橄榄球比赛进行录像并随后慢动作分析这些比赛，以确定受伤是如何发生的。在这少数几场比赛中，大多数受伤发生在扭夺球和围挤争球情况下。得出的结论是，大多数此类受伤并非由于运气不好，而是由不负责任的行为造成的。规则仍在被违反且未得到执行。现有规则是足够的，因为总体受伤人数有所减少，特别是在一流赛事和学生级别中，但在初级赛事级别未得到执行——初级赛事是受伤的主要来源。
