Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Sep 2;17(9):2894-2902. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1909327. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and warrant COVID-19 vaccination to reduce nosocomial infections. This study investigated: (1) the prevalence of behavioral intention of COVID-19 vaccination (BICV) under eight scenarios combining vaccines' effectiveness/safety/cost, plus two general scenarios of free/self-paid vaccination given governmental/hospital recommendations, (2) perceptions involving preferred timing of COVID-19 vaccination and impacts of various attributes on BICV, and (3) factors of BICV based on the Health Belief Model. An anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,254 full-time doctors/nurses in three Chinese provinces during 10/2020-11/2020. The prevalence of BICV was 75.1%/68.0% among nurses/doctors under the most optimum scenario of this study (free/80% effectiveness/rare mild side effects); it dropped to 64.6%/56.5% if it costed 600 Yuan (USD90). Similar prevalence was obtained (72.7%/71.2%) if the vaccination was recommended by the government/hospitals but dropped to <50% if effectiveness was 50% or mild side effects were common; 13.0% preferred to take up COVID-19 vaccination at the soonest (81.8% would wait and see). Scientific proof (completion of phase III clinical trials and approval from health authorities) was rated the highest in its impacts on vaccination decision, followed by vaccines' performance, and then logistics. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that perceived severity, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy (but neither perceived susceptibility nor perceived barriers) were significantly associated with the two BICV outcomes. The coverage of COVID-19 vaccination would be high only if the vaccines perform well. Health promotion may take the findings into account.
医护人员（HCWs）感染 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的风险增加，需要接种 COVID-19 疫苗以减少医院内感染。本研究调查了：（1）在结合疫苗有效性/安全性/成本的八种方案以及政府/医院推荐的免费/自费接种的两种一般方案下，COVID-19 疫苗接种行为意向（BICV）的流行率；（2）对 COVID-19 疫苗接种首选时间的看法，以及各种属性对 BICV 的影响；（3）基于健康信念模型的 BICV 因素。2020 年 10 月至 11 月，在中国三个省份，对 2254 名全职医生/护士进行了一项匿名在线横断面调查。在本研究的最佳方案（免费/80%有效性/罕见轻度副作用）下，护士/医生的 BICV 流行率分别为 75.1%/68.0%；如果费用为 600 元（90 美元），则降至 64.6%/56.5%。如果疫苗由政府/医院推荐，但有效性为 50%或轻度副作用常见，则流行率相似（分别为 72.7%/71.2%）；如果有效性为 50%或轻度副作用常见，则降至<50%；13.0%的人首选尽快接种 COVID-19 疫苗（81.8%的人会观望）。科学证据（完成 III 期临床试验并获得卫生当局批准）对疫苗接种决策的影响最大，其次是疫苗的性能，然后是后勤。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，感知严重程度、感知障碍、行动线索和自我效能（但既不是感知易感性也不是感知障碍）与两种 BICV 结果显著相关。只有当疫苗表现良好时，COVID-19 疫苗的覆盖率才会很高。健康促进可以考虑这些发现。
