Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Apr 22;21(1):195. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-02949-z.
The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5).
Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress.
The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.
本研究旨在研究生物肥料（AMF 和根瘤菌）对干旱胁迫下大豆（Giza 111）早期结荚期（播种后 50 天，R3）和种子发育期（播种后 90 天，R5）的产量和生长的影响。
与干旱胁迫下的植株相比，未受胁迫的植株的生物量、叶片叶绿素含量、根瘤和籽粒产量最高。在土壤根际水平上，AMF 和根瘤菌处理在充分浇水和干旱胁迫条件下提高了细菌数量和酶（脱氢酶和磷酸酶）活性。无论干旱的影响如何，与未处理的植株相比，AMF 和根瘤菌处理在干旱（限制灌溉）和充分浇水条件下都提高了大豆的生长和产量。本研究表明，AMF 和根瘤菌提高了种子中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD），而在干旱胁迫下丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸则呈相反趋势。在干旱胁迫条件下，生物肥料处理上调了 CAT 和 POD 基因的相对表达。有趣的是，在脯氨酸代谢相关基因（如 P5CS、P5CR、PDH 和 P5CDH）的相对表达情况下，出现了相反的趋势。本研究表明，生物肥料减轻了干旱胁迫对细胞发育的抑制作用，从而缩短了 DNA 积累和细胞分裂周期。在 R3 和 R5 两个阶段，在生物肥料处理并暴露于干旱胁迫下的植株中，参与次生代谢的酶的活性和 GmSPS1、GmSuSy 和 GmC-INV 的表达水平发生了显著变化。生物肥料引起的次生代谢及其转录水平的这些变化可能有助于提高大豆对干旱胁迫的耐受性。
本研究结果表明，向大豆植株施用生物肥料是一种减轻干旱胁迫对大豆植株生长性能影响的有前途的方法。生物肥料的综合应用有助于提高农业生态系统对气候变化不利影响的恢复能力，并有助于在干旱胁迫下提高土壤肥力和植物生长。
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