Gabrieli Paolo, Caccia Silvia, Varotto-Boccazzi Ilaria, Arnoldi Irene, Barbieri Giulia, Comandatore Francesco, Epis Sara
Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 6;12:630438. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630438. eCollection 2021.
In mosquitoes, the interaction between the gut microbiota, the immune system, and the pathogens that these insects transmit to humans and animals is regarded as a key component toward the development of control strategies, aimed at reducing the burden of severe diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever. Indeed, different microorganisms from the mosquito microbiota have been investigated for their ability to affect important traits of the biology of the host insect, related with its survival, development and reproduction. Furthermore, some microorganisms have been shown to modulate the immune response of mosquito females, significantly shaping their vector competence. Here, we will review current knowledge in this field, focusing on i) the complex interaction between the intestinal microbiota and mosquito females defenses, both in the gut and at humoral level; ii) how knowledge on these issues contributes to the development of novel and targeted strategies for the control of mosquito-borne diseases such as the use of paratransgenesis or taking advantage of the relationship between and mosquito hosts. We conclude by providing a brief overview of available knowledge on microbiota-immune system interplay in major insect vectors.
在蚊子中，肠道微生物群、免疫系统以及这些昆虫传播给人类和动物的病原体之间的相互作用，被视为制定控制策略的关键组成部分，这些策略旨在减轻疟疾和登革热等严重疾病的负担。事实上，人们已经研究了来自蚊子微生物群的不同微生物影响宿主昆虫生物学重要特征的能力，这些特征与其生存、发育和繁殖有关。此外，一些微生物已被证明可调节雌性蚊子的免疫反应，显著影响其传播能力。在此，我们将回顾该领域目前的知识，重点关注：i）肠道微生物群与雌性蚊子防御之间在肠道和体液水平上的复杂相互作用；ii）关于这些问题的知识如何有助于制定控制蚊媒疾病的新型靶向策略，例如利用共生转基因或利用共生菌与蚊子宿主之间的关系。最后，我们简要概述了主要昆虫媒介中微生物群 - 免疫系统相互作用的现有知识。
