Li Congcong, Luo Shasha, Wang Jue, Shen Zhifa, Wu Zai-Sheng
Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.
Nanoscale. 2021 Apr 21;13(15):7034-7051. doi: 10.1039/d1nr00197c. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Nucleic acid probes have the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, versatile functionalities and remarkable programmability. However, the low biostability of nucleic acid probes under complex physiological conditions limits their in vivo application. Despite impressive progress in the development of inorganic material-mediated biostable nucleic acid nanostructures, uncertain systemic toxicity of composite nanocarriers has hindered their application in living organisms. In the field of biomedicine, as a promising alternative capable of avoiding potential cytotoxicity, biologically stable nanostructures composed entirely of DNA oligonucleotides have been rapidly developed in recent years, offering an exciting in vivo tool for cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of nuclease-resistant DNA nanostructures with different geometrical shapes, such as tetrahedron, octahedron, DNA triangular prism (DTP), DNA nanotubes and DNA origami, introduce innovative assembly strategies, and discuss unique structural advantages and especially biological applications in cellular imaging and targeted drug delivery in an organism. Finally, we conclude with the challenges in the clinical development of DNA nanostructures and present an outlook of the future of this rapidly expanding field.
核酸探针具有生物相容性优异、可生物降解、功能多样和可编程性显著等优点。然而，在复杂生理条件下核酸探针的生物稳定性较低，限制了它们在体内的应用。尽管无机材料介导的生物稳定核酸纳米结构的开发取得了令人瞩目的进展，但复合纳米载体不确定的全身毒性阻碍了它们在生物体中的应用。在生物医学领域，作为一种能够避免潜在细胞毒性的有前景的替代物，近年来完全由DNA寡核苷酸组成的生物稳定纳米结构得到了迅速发展，为癌症诊断和临床治疗提供了一种令人兴奋的体内工具。在这篇综述中，我们总结了具有不同几何形状（如四面体、八面体、DNA三棱柱（DTP）、DNA纳米管和DNA折纸）的耐核酸酶DNA纳米结构开发的最新进展，介绍了创新的组装策略，并讨论了独特的结构优势，特别是在生物体细胞成像和靶向药物递送中的生物学应用。最后，我们总结了DNA纳米结构临床开发中的挑战，并对这个迅速发展的领域的未来进行了展望。
