Hao Ziao, Kong Lijun, Ruan Longfei, Deng Zhengtao
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, National Laboratory of Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Dec 7;14(23):1968. doi: 10.3390/nano14231968.
Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in DNA origami technology due to the unrivaled self-assembly properties of DNA molecules. As a highly programmable, addressable, and biocompatible nanomaterial, DNA origami has found widespread applications in biomedicine, such as cell scaffold construction, antimicrobial drug delivery, and supramolecular enzyme assembly. To expand the scope of DNA origami application scenarios, researchers have developed DNA origami structures capable of actively identifying and quantitatively reporting targets. Optical DNA origami biosensors are promising due to their fast-to-use, sensitive, and easy implementation. However, the conversion of DNA origami to optical biosensors is still in its infancy stage, and related strategies have not been systematically summarized, increasing the difficulty of guiding subsequent researchers. Therefore, this review focuses on the universal strategies that endow DNA origami with dynamic responsiveness from both de novo design and current DNA origami modification. Various applications of DNA origami biosensors are also discussed. Additionally, we highlight the advantages of DNA origami biosensors, which offer a single-molecule resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio as an alternative to traditional analytical techniques. We believe that over the next decade, researchers will continue to transform DNA origami into optical biosensors and explore their infinite possible uses.
在过去几年中，由于DNA分子具有无与伦比的自组装特性，DNA折纸技术取得了重大进展。作为一种高度可编程、可寻址且具有生物相容性的纳米材料，DNA折纸已在生物医学领域得到广泛应用，如细胞支架构建、抗菌药物递送和超分子酶组装。为了扩大DNA折纸的应用场景范围，研究人员开发了能够主动识别和定量报告靶标的DNA折纸结构。光学DNA折纸生物传感器因其使用快速、灵敏且易于实现而颇具前景。然而，DNA折纸向光学生物传感器的转化仍处于起步阶段，相关策略尚未得到系统总结，这增加了指导后续研究人员的难度。因此，本综述重点关注从从头设计和当前DNA折纸修饰两方面赋予DNA折纸动态响应性的通用策略。还讨论了DNA折纸生物传感器的各种应用。此外，我们强调了DNA折纸生物传感器的优势，它提供单分子分辨率和高信噪比，可作为传统分析技术的替代方法。我们相信，在未来十年，研究人员将继续将DNA折纸转化为光学生物传感器，并探索其无限的可能用途。
