Institute of Urban-rural Ecological Civilization, China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100120, China.
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(34):47149-47161. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13983-7. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
The global problem of domestic waste management increases with rapid population growth and with economic and urban development. In developing countries, treatment of rural domestic waste (RDW) is distinguished from urban waste. Quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from RDW disposal treatment is needed to achieve carbon neutrality. Reliable global warming potential (GWP) assessments of RDW are not differentiated in the widely accepted "urban-rural integration" centralized disposal model. We considered five different scenarios for RDW management. Scenario 1 (S1), unsanitary landfill (open-air dump); scenario 2 (S2), sanitary landfill; scenario 3 (S3), incineration; scenario 4 (S4), biological + incineration; and scenario 5 (S5), classification + composting + sanitary landfill + recycling. Life cycle assessment was used for GWP, and sensitivity analysis was calculated to point out the sensitive parameter. We found that the mean GWP ranged from 5.14 × 10 to 2.31 × 10 kg CO-equivalents. Pollution from untreated RDW with landfill gas emissions led to large contributions under all scenarios. The collection and transportation ratio was sensitive to all scenarios, and we found that, if the recyclable materials separated at source were not used efficiently, the impact on GWP would be greater than under the unclassified waste scenarios. A "new urban-rural integration" mode (S5) that included household classification, village collection, town transfer, and county and urban disposal was introduced for RDW management. These quantitative results have a great potential for promoting effective RDW management in China and other developing countries.
全球范围内，随着人口的快速增长以及经济和城市的发展，城市固体废物管理问题日益严重。在发展中国家，农村生活垃圾（RDW）的处理与城市垃圾有所不同。为实现碳中和，需要对 RDW 处置处理的温室气体排放进行定量评估。在广泛接受的“城乡一体化”集中处理模式中，对 RDW 的可靠全球变暖潜能（GWP）评估并未进行区分。我们考虑了 RDW 管理的五种不同情景。情景 1（S1），卫生填埋（露天垃圾场）；情景 2（S2），卫生填埋；情景 3（S3），焚烧；情景 4（S4），生物+焚烧；情景 5（S5），分类+堆肥+卫生填埋+回收。我们使用生命周期评估方法进行 GWP 评估，并进行了敏感性分析以指出敏感参数。我们发现，GWP 的平均值范围为 5.14×10 到 2.31×10 kg CO 当量。在所有情景下，未经处理的 RDW 与垃圾填埋气排放导致的污染造成了较大的贡献。收集和运输比例对所有情景都很敏感，我们发现，如果未有效利用源头分离的可回收材料，对 GWP 的影响将大于未分类废物情景。我们提出了一种新的“城乡一体化”模式（S5），包括家庭分类、村庄收集、乡镇转运以及县和城市处理，用于 RDW 管理。这些定量结果为促进中国和其他发展中国家有效管理 RDW 提供了巨大潜力。
