Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Entomology, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(34):47418-47428. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14037-8. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
Understanding the effects of environmental contaminants on honeybees is essential to minimize their impacts on these important pollinating insects. The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological status of honeybees in environments undergoing different anthropic pressure: a wood (reference site), an orchard, an agricultural area, and an urban site, using a multi-biomarker approach. To synthetically represent the ecotoxicological status of the honeybees, the responses of the single biomarkers were integrated by the Integrated Biological Response (IBRv2) index. Overall, the strongest alteration of the ecotoxicological status (IBRv2 = 7.52) was detected in the bees from the orchard due to the alteration of metabolic and genotoxicity biomarkers indicating the presence of pesticides, metals, and lipophilic compounds. Honeybees from the cultivated area (IBRv2 = 7.18) revealed an alteration especially in neurotoxicity, metabolic, and genotoxicity biomarkers probably related to the presence of pesticides, especially fungicides. Finally, in the urban area (IBRv2 = 6.60), the biomarker results (GST, lysozyme, and hemocytes) indicated immunosuppression in the honeybees and the effects of the presence of lipophilic compounds and metals in the environment.
了解环境污染物对蜜蜂的影响对于最大限度地减少它们对这些重要传粉昆虫的影响至关重要。本研究旨在使用多生物标志物方法评估处于不同人为压力下的环境中蜜蜂的生态毒理学状况：木材（参照点）、果园、农业区和城市地区。为了综合代表蜜蜂的生态毒理学状况，通过综合生物反应（IBRv2）指数整合了单个生物标志物的反应。总的来说，由于代谢和遗传毒性生物标志物的改变表明存在农药、金属和脂溶性化合物，果园中的蜜蜂的生态毒理学状况（IBRv2=7.52）受到的改变最强。来自耕作区的蜜蜂（IBRv2=7.18）显示出神经毒性、代谢和遗传毒性生物标志物的改变，可能与农药，特别是杀菌剂的存在有关。最后，在城市地区（IBRv2=6.60），生物标志物结果（GST、溶菌酶和血球）表明蜜蜂的免疫抑制以及环境中脂溶性化合物和金属的存在的影响。
