Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2021 Jun;292:102415. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102415. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
3D printing technology has grown exponentially since its introduction due to its ability to print complex structures quickly and simply. The ink used in 3D printers is one of the most discussed areas and a variety of hydrogel-based inks were developed. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is derived from cellulose, which is a natural, biocompatible, biodegradable, and wildly abounded biopolymer. CMC is a very qualified candidate in the preparation of hydrogels because it has good solubility in water with multiple carboxyl groups. Various physical and chemical cross-linking methods and mechanisms have been used by researchers to prepare CMC-based hydrogels. Bioprinting is a powerful technology for tissue engineering applications that have been able to design and simulate different tissue and organs with digital control. Among many advantages, which were reported for bioprinting, its high throughput, as well as precise control of scaffolding and cells, is very valuable. Considering all these tips and capabilities, in this study, the methods of preparation and improvement of CMC-based hydrogels, applied 3D printer, and the latest inks designed using this biopolymer in terms of combination, features, and performance in tissue engineering are reported.
3D 打印技术自问世以来发展迅速，因为它能够快速、简单地打印复杂结构。3D 打印机使用的墨水是讨论最多的领域之一，已经开发出了各种基于水凝胶的墨水。羧甲基纤维素（CMC）来源于纤维素，是一种天然的、生物相容的、可生物降解的、广泛存在的生物聚合物。CMC 是制备水凝胶的非常合格的候选材料，因为它具有良好的水溶性和多个羧基。研究人员已经使用了各种物理和化学交联方法和机制来制备 CMC 基水凝胶。生物打印是组织工程应用的一项强大技术，它能够通过数字控制来设计和模拟不同的组织和器官。在许多被报道的优点中，其高通量以及对支架和细胞的精确控制非常有价值。考虑到所有这些要点和功能，在这项研究中，报告了基于 CMC 的水凝胶的制备和改进方法、应用的 3D 打印机，以及使用这种生物聚合物设计的最新墨水在组织工程中的组合、特点和性能。
